Economic Systems And Economic System - 1961 Words

An economic system governs how a society’s resources are allocated between people, and so the question of its morality is immensely important (Winfield, et al, 2014). This essay will analyse the different economic systems by considering the two economic systems that fall on the extreme ends of the spectrum of economic systems, these being capitalism and socialism. It will further discuss the characteristics of each of these economic systems and based on these, argue that the mixed economy is the best alternative economic system. The forms of regulations that create efficiencies and those that create inefficiencies will be argued for and the importance and benefits of these regulations will be analysed. . A capitalist economic system is one that is predominantly characterised by free markets, private ownership and limited government intervention. Free markets are commonly known for their ability to achieve economic efficiency primarily through the volunteer nature of exchange and the existence of competition amongst producers (Winfield, et al, 2014). Adam Smith believed that the goal of every economic system should be to achieve economic efficiency through the mechanisms of productive and allocative efficiency. Productive efficiency can be defined as producing goods and services for the lowest cost while allocative efficiency is more concerned with the distribution and allocation of resources in the economy to where they are valued most and can attain maximum satisfaction forShow MoreRelatedEconomic Systems And The Economic System808 Words   |  4 Pagessocieties must choose one of these systems, we must proceed deeper into detail on how these economies function. The oldest and simplest of the economic systems is the traditional economy. It relies on habit, custom, or ritual to answer the three key economic questions. Due to the unembellished nature of the traditional economy, there is little room for innovation or change. It revolves around the family unit and is divided along gender lines. Traditional systems are usually found in communitiesRead MoreEconomic System And Economic Systems910 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent economic system,which are known as centrally planned economy, mixed economy, and market economy. I will also be explaining why internationalizing firms should be aware of the differences between all three economic systems and what roles should the government be taking in the free market systems. Before I begin defining the different economic systems I would like to first explain what an economic system is. Every country differs in what economic system is being used. An economic system is a systemRead MoreEconomic System s And Economic System2099 Words   |  9 PagesEconomic system â€Å"Economic system is that it consists of those situations which a given people or nation has nations has chosen or accepted as the means through which resources are utilized for the satisfaction of human wants.† (studylecturenotes.com, 2016) Economic system allows countries to follow procedure to produce goods using resources available in the countries. It allows the countries to know how much and for whom to produce. There are different types of economic systems in different countriesRead MoreEconomic System1923 Words   |  8 PagesMicroeconomics Paper: Economic systems Yang Cong Professor Memmos Aug 1st, 2012 Table of Contents 1, Introduction of economic systems 2, the analysis of capitalism 3, Example of capitalism: the U.S. 4, the analysis of socialism 5, Example of socialism: China 6, the analysis of communism 7, Example of communism: North Korea 8, my favorite one is socialism 9, Conclusion There are three main economic systems in the world which are capitalism, socialism and communism. Nowadays, mostRead MoreEconomic Systems1122 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Economic systems are organized way in which a state or nation allocates its resources and apportions goods and services in the national community. An economic system is slackly defined as country’s plan for its services, goods produced, and the exact way in which its economic plan is carried out. There are three types of economic systems exist, they are command economy, market economy, and mixed economy. Command economy is also sometimes called planned economy. The expectationsRead MoreMixed Economic Systems760 Words   |  4 PagesEconomic system of a country Identify and evaluate the economic system that Malaysia is adopting. Discuss the rationale of Malaysia’s economic system in terms of utility maximisation and pricing mechanism for distribution of goods and services. An economic system is the combination of the various agencies, and entities that provide the economic structure that defines the social community. Malaysia has adopting mixed economic systems. Mixed economic system is an economy where there is moreRead MoreAssignment on Economic System1839 Words   |  8 PagesAn economic system is the combination of the various agencies, entities (or even sectors as described by some authors) that provide the economic structure that defines the social community. These agencies are joined by lines of trade and exchange along which goods, money etc. are continuously flowing. An example of such a system for a closed economy is shown in the flow-diagram. The economics system involves production, allocation of economic inputs, distribution of economic outputs, landlords andRead MoreMoral Economic System537 Words   |  2 PagesIntroduction Creating a moral economic system should be the ultimate goal of every society. A moral economy is one that is founded on the principles of justice, fairness and goodness. A moral economic system ensures equitable allocation of resources which are scarce in nature and configures markets to ensure that they run fairy. The end results are to realize a stable economy that is free from exploitation, political insecurity and wars. A moral economic system fosters peace and satisfaction amongRead MorePolitical and Economic System1250 Words   |  5 PagesSpain Analysis of the Political and Economic Systems Table of Contents I. Introduction (abstract) II. Political System a. Type of Political System b. Structure of the Government c. Identify a current law/policy law d. Impact on society III. Economic System a. Type of economic system b. Identify a current economic issue c. Government role in address the issue d. Impact on society IV. Compare Contract a. Economic issue country of origin V. Conclusion Read MoreEconomic Systems Essay1117 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Economic systems are organized way in which a state or nation allocates its resources and apportions goods and services in the national community. An economic system is slackly defined as country’s plan for its services, goods produced, and the exact way in which its economic plan is carried out. There are three types of economic systems exist, they are command economy, market economy, and mixed economy. Command economy is also sometimes called planned economy. The expectations

“I am no bird and no net ensnares me I am a free human...

â€Å"I am no bird; and no net ensnares me: I am a free human being with an independent will; which I now exert to leave you†(257-258). The quote epitomizes Jane’s independence, but underneath Jane’s strong exterior, she is a young woman longing for love and a family. Throughout the novel, Jane learns to fend for herself, but we also see Jane’s longing for a family. In Charlotte Bronte’s book Jane Eyre, themes of family, love, and independence prominently play out in the characters of Jane, Rochester, and St. John. Growing up as an orphan, Jane longs for someone to love her and care for her. Her benefactress, Mrs. Reed, and her children neglected her. On one occasion, John Reed told Jane, â€Å"You have no business to take our books;†¦show more content†¦His love for Jane, while genuine, is selfish. He knows he cannot legally marry her, yet he asks her to marry him anyway. His horrid wife is brought into the light; the secret is out. Jane refuses to compromise her morals to be his mistress and leaves Thornfield. As Jane wanders the countryside in an unknown area, she stumbles on the home of her first cousin, St. John Rivers. At the time Jane does not know he is family, but he shows kindness and compassion to Jane when no one else would. Both St. John’s mother and father are dead, but he still has two sisters living. Even before Jane knows the family is her kin, the Rivers’ sisters are like sisters to her. They become the family she never had. St. John is different. He is very cold and stern. He doe not show much affection for anyone. St John loves a local girl, but refuses to marry her because he has devoted his life to full time ministry. He is independent because he isolates himself from people, never letting them get too close. St. John to chooses Jane, who is practical, smart, and sturdy, to be his wife when he goes to India to be a missionary. He does not tell her he loves her, but instead he says, â€Å"Jane, come with me to India: come as my helpmeet and fellow-laborer†(409). Jane turns him down over and over knowing she cannot marry St. John when her heart is still with Rochester. St. John wants a helper, but Jane wants a lover and St. John will never be that forShow MoreRelatedA Rose For Emily Modernism1563 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, by William Faulkner, the new generation tries to enforce modern standards on Miss Emily and her contemporaries. Despite their best efforts, the older generation remains cemented in traditional values. The older generation faces a slow, tragic, rotting death similar to Miss Emily’s if they continue to adhere to tradition in a modern age. Miss Emily is a contemporary of the older generation and her refusal to pay taxes demonstrates how the adherence toRead MoreA Rose For Emily Analysis1822 Words   |  8 Pages1. What is the meaning in the final detail that the strand of hair on the second pillow is iron gray in â€Å"A Rose for Emily†? It reveals that it was not long ago that Miss Emily had laid her head on the pillow next to the decaying Homer Barron. When this man was last seen, Miss Emily took on characteristics of a woman of youth. It is not until after an extended period of time that Homer Barron is not seen, all the while Miss Emily’s her character begins to take on a more elderly traits. The narratorRead MoreA Rose For Emily Character Analysis934 Words   |  4 PagesAt first sight, the work â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner looks like the story of a woman, Emily, who was molested by an entire city. For example, the moment when the new generation requires the payment of taxes even though Emily’s family had reached an agreement with the previous city government to skip this payment. At that point, I really felt sorry for Emily. However, as the story progresses we see that Emily deserved the repudiation of the inhabitants of the city because she acted in aRead MoreA Rose For Emi ly By William Faulkner882 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å" A Rose For Emily† Character Analysis Stubborn and a bit unstable, Emily Grierson is the main character of William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose For Emily â€Å". Emily is a prime example of a flat character because she seldom changes throughout the whole story. Emily acts as if nothing has changed over the years. In the town of Jefferson, It’s as if time went to a stood still. She shows this flat affect throughout the story in many instances. For example, like her refusing to pay her taxes, not keeping upRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner916 Words   |  4 Pagesexperiences throughout their lives that makes them different, and society must come to terms in understanding everyone before they judge. In the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, written by William Faulkner, people within the town attempted to understand Miss Emily’s struggles and tried to judge her accordingly. Throughout the story Miss Emily Grierson struggled as a developing character with many internal conflicts. One of Miss Emily’s biggest internal conflict came from her attachment to herRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1055 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"A Rose for Emily† The setting is usually represented by the simplicity of a place and time. In â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, Faulkner expands setting into something much more. The setting goes far beyond just the time and place, it involves the people and objects that surround Emily throughout the story. Faulkner uses those objects and people to show how Emily struggles with accepting the present and leaving the past behind. 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In this story, Emily is seen as timeless figure that contradicts a society that is trying to build up a more efficient, modern lifestyle. Miss Emily is portrayed as a women who resents change and responds uncomfortably to any force that tries to change her inhibitions. Her house is a portrait of herRead MoreWilliam Faulkner s A Rose For Emily1265 Words   |  6 PagesLove, Loss and Longing—three traits that many would agree Emily Grierson, the main character from William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose For Emily†, experiences inexorably. At first glance, one might be confident in one’s understanding of the story at face-value, claiming it to be a thrilling mystery with a mysterious ending. Another may try to analyze contextual evidence to answer some of the many unanswered questions this story proposes. Why does Emily sleep with the corpse of her late husband? Why does sheRead MoreTrifles By Susan Glaspells A Rose For Emily1227 Words   |  5 Pagesand evaluation of one’s self. 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Heroism Redifined Lord of the Rings Free Essays

string(36) " the traditional literary servants\." Heroism redefined Lord of the Rings J. R. R. We will write a custom essay sample on Heroism Redifined: Lord of the Rings or any similar topic only for you Order Now Tolkien Tolkien’s Lord of the Rings trilogy, offers the reader a truly compelling picture of the world of Middle-earth. The author, in great detail, depicts a complex reality which abounds in a whole variety of creatures, cultures, languages and histories. If we take a closer look on Tolkien’s masterpiece we will easily notice a complexity of themes, motifs, symbols which add to the semantic richness of the text. It is necessary to mention that Tolkien was considerably influenced by the literary tradition. Fascinated by literary genres such as a heroic epic, a chivalric romance or a fairy tale Tolkien skillfully weaved many characteristic conventions of these genres in Lord of the Rings. Among many other features drawn from the literary tradition the theme of heroism occupies a prominent position in Tolkien’s trilogy. On the one hand Tolkien follows a well known model of a courageous epic hero, but on the other hand he operates with the theme in an innovative way. Apart from a careful depiction of a well known image of noble heroism typical of great figures of historical significance such as Aragorn, the novel surprisingly offers a completely new image of heroism which is represented by small hobbits. Providing at the same time two parallel faces of the concept, Tolkien significantly changes and challenges the traditional meaning of heroism and, as a consequence, significantly enriches the literary tradition. A significant part of the trilogy is devoted to the deeds of great Men such as Aragorn. Drawing extensively on the tradition of heroic epic and chivalric romance Tolkien presents a powerful image of a knightly hero full of noble virtues. Aragorn is a â€Å"born hero† – a true heir to the throne of Gondor, â€Å"born to achieve great deeds in his time† (Zimmer Bradley 83). He is a courageous man of action, endowed with physical strength, who combats evil, brings order and restores peace. Respected and admired by other characters, Aragorn is a hero of indomitable spirit who never commits mistakes and always serves as an epitome of bravery and virtue. Although Aragorn is one of the most prominent characters in the trilogy, the most important mission, to destroy the malevolent Ring, falls upon a completely different figure. The future of the whole Middle-earth does not depend on noble Elves or brave Men or even strong Dwarves but lies in the hands of the seemingly weak and insignificant hobbits (Gulisano 131). Tolkien’s surprising choice falls upon small and rather funny creatures which, in fact, do not really have any particular achievements. Though small and weak, it is Frodo and his faithful servant Sam who are burdened with an extremely difficult task. Contrary to all expectations Frodo is chosen to carry the ring: â€Å"You may be nobody in particular in yourself, yet for some inexplicable reasons, through no choice of your own, the Ring has come into your keeping, so that it is on you and not on Gandalf or Aragorn that the task falls of destroying it† (LotR, I, 284) At first the small hobbit is full of doubts. He is neither a great wizard like Gandalf to plan the strategy of war against Sauron, nor Aragorn, an outstanding warrior who is destined to be the leader of the army of Gondor. Yet, the Ring has clearly chosen the hobbit. Unlike other significant figures of the trilogy Frodo has â€Å"heroism thrust upon him† (Zimmer Bradley 84). In contrast with Aragorn, Frodo is not born to gain glory, yet through experience and ability to endure hardships he finally rises to heroism. Though hesitantly, Frodo humbly accepts the task: â€Å"’I will take the Ring,’ he said, ‘though I do not know the way. †(LotR, I, 284) Even though Frodo would rather â€Å"stay at home than risk my life on the very slight chance of winning glory† (LotR, I, 284) eventually he resigns from his own comfort and safety and full of hope takes up a dangerous journey to save the world of Middle-earth. During the journey he often trembles, regrets his lot and wonders why he was burdened with such an enormous load, still he manages to remain faithful to the mission till the very end. Deciding to carry the Ring Frodo starts to follow a path full of sacrifices and pain. As the Ring bearer he is forced to put up a constant resistance to his own ambitions and desire for power (Bramlett 70). Frodo undeniably becomes a hero of the story. Though he actually fails at the very last moment of his mission – he yields to the temptation and wants to posses the Ring for his own- the quest is still completed and Frodo returns covered in glory. However, as Frodo rather reluctantly accepts the heavy burden of the unusual quest there is another character who follows the same path on his own free will and without complain. Sam, Frodo’s devoted servant, becomes an unrecognized hero of the story, who bravely accompanies and supports Frodo till the very last stage of their journey. He is the one who cares even less for glory and heroic deeds. His only wish is to protect his master and follow Frodo even if it means death. (Zimmer Bradley 84) Throughout the story Sam undergoes perhaps the most significant development. He starts out as a minor character. Even Sam describes himself as a â€Å"luggage in a boat†. He is a rather comic and childish character hardly adequate for such a grand enterprise (Purtill 89). Although at first he displays a sort of a limited perception, which is not unusual for a hobbit – he can be very practical at times – â€Å"his mind was slow but shrewd† (LotR, II, 625). In the course of the novel Sam gradually takes more and more responsibility and acquires such importance that without him the quest would be unfulfilled. Sam seems to be a typical hobbit servant, yet Tolkien endows him with certain features which differentiate him from the traditional literary servants. You read "Heroism Redifined: Lord of the Rings" in category "Essay examples" This peculiar hobbit is endowed with a sort of curiosity which is quite unique for a hobbit. He is fascinated with Elves and dreams about an opportunity to meet them one day. He is much more open to the new ideas and experiences than a typical hobbit (Purtill 90-91). What is more, Sam is also aware of his own limitations. He usually depends on the opinion of others, as he is not able to decide on grand matters: â€Å" I hope that the master will think it out carefully. He’s as wise as any, but he’s soft-hearted, that’s what he is. It’s beyond any Gamgee to guess what he’ll do next† (LotR, II, 625). Moreover, Sam is also endowed with a significantly greater independence than a typical servant (Purtill 90-91). When Frodo decides to abandon Shire alone, without any support of his friends, Sam reveals Frodo’s plan to Pippin and Merry in order to protect his master. On another occasion he disobeys Aragorn and secretly follows Frodo on the further journey without informing the rest of the fellowship. When his master comes at stake Sam is able to do absolutely anything. Above all else, Sam characterizes an enormous devotion, selflessness and love for Frodo. His care for his master is truly incomparable: â€Å"It is hardly possible to separate you form him [Frodo], even when he is summoned to a secret council and you are not† (LotR, I, 284). Throughout the story signs of Sam’s love for Frodo can be frequently encountered: â€Å"Sam came in. He ran to Frodo and took his left hand, awkwardly and shyly. He stroked it gently and then he blushed and turned hastily away. † (LotR, I, 237) His love for Frodo is immense. He is totally selfless and ready for sacrifices for his master. His devotion is best portrayed in the last stage of the quest, when the fellowship is broken and the two hobbits continue their dark journey to Mordor all by themselves. As Frodo, due to the malevolent power of the Ring, gradually becomes both physically and mentally weaker, Sam becomes an actual guide and protector. He deals with the practical aspects of the journey and combats various obstacles throughout the way. Gradually Sam becomes less comic and much more doughty. Along with their approaching the gates of Mordor Sam is significantly gaining importance and becoming a truly mature character. When the two hobbits are just one step form completing their mission of destroying the Ring everything is almost ruined due to Gollum’s betrayal. Sam and Frodo are attacked by a giant spider Shelob. Frodo is wounded in the combat and Sam is convinced that his beloved master is dead. Though terrified and totally miserable he does not turn back. He feels an obligation to continue the quest. As soon as he realizes that his master is still alive he rushes to rescue Frodo. As for the time being he carries the Ring, and just like Frodo and others he is subject to the great temptation. On this stage of the journey ominous power of the Ring is the most dangerous and the temptation is respectively stronger. The Ring plants in Sam visions of himself as a great warrior: Samwise the Strong. Hero of the Age, striding with flaming sword across the darkened land, and armies flocking to his call as he marched to overthrow of Barad-dur. And then all the clouds rolled away and the white sun shone, and at his command the vale of Gorgoroth became a garden of tress and brought forth fruit. He had only to put on the Ring and claim it for his own and all this could be. In that hour of trial it was the love of his master that helped most to hold him firm; but also deep down in him lived still unconquered plain hobbit-sense: he knew in the core of his heart he was not large enough to bear such a burden, even if such visions were not a mere cheat to betray him. The one small garden of a free gardener was all his need and due, not a garden swollen to a realm; his own lands to use, not the lands of others to command. And anyway, all those notions are only a trick,† he said to himself. (LotR, III, 880-881) Sam is saved by his great love for his master and his extraordinary common sense combined with modesty and humility. Deep down he realizes that the vision of himself as a great warrior is ridiculous. The illusion, in fact, does not even constitute a dream that he aspires to. Sam is aware that he is not meant to be a grand hero. He knows perfectly well that his true voc ation is to be a humble servant and this is exactly what makes him happy. The great trial Sam is subject to requires from the little hobbit a great deal of common wisdom and strength. Sam who at first seems to be a rather weak and at times an irritating character demonstrates strength which can be compared to the one of Galadriel or Gandalf. He is not only able to resist the temptation, but also to return the Ring to Frodo without hesitation. Sam displays enormous grandeur. At this point he presents more heroism than for instance one of Tolkien’s classic heroes Bromir for whom temptation turned out too great to resist. As one of the critics rightly suggests: â€Å"He [Sam] exhibits concrete wisdom rather than abstract reasoning, finds relationship more important than objects, is supportive, nurturing, and self-sacrificing. † (Purtill 95) Tolkien seems to suggest that these are the features that account for true heroism. Thanks to Sam the quest can be completed. He supports Frodo emotionally till the very end and even literally carries him to the Mount Doom when the latter is physically unable to reach the destination. At the last stage of their journey Frodo is so debilitated by the power of the Ring that he is practically unable to think clearly. All his powers are focused on resisting the temptation of putting the Ring on the finger. Form now on the success of the mission depends on Sam. At this point, the development of Sam is clearly visible. He realizes that the mission has to be completed, that they must do everything in their power to end the task. He knows that they have reached a point from which there is no return. Though, he is convinced that there is no hope for them and they are doomed to death, he still manages to follow once entrusted mission. Sam becomes an undeniable hero of the story. Though he does not acquire a sort of glory that Pippin and Merry achieve on a battlefield, still he does acquire the necessary virtue and wisdom to eventually become the leader and the ruler of the hobbits – the Mayor of the Shire. Lord of the Rings, among many other beautiful and complex images, provides one of the most extraordinary and memorable depictions of heroism. Greatly influenced by the literary tradition, Tolkien both follows and modifies the concept of heroism and consequently provides the reader with two faces of this traditional notion. Tolkien emphasizes a number of features characteristic for a heroic epic and a chivalric romance. Features such as courage, fortitude, nobleness and honour can be found in several prominent figures in the novel. One of the most distinct examples, personifying all these virtues, is to be found in Aragorn. He is a classic hero, descendant of the line of kings, great warrior, the one who restores peace and brings back justice. Aragorn is the rightful heir to the throne who bravely struggles with the forces of evil and at the end triumphantly comes back to his kingdom and marries Arwena – Elf princess. Aragorn embodies all features typical of a truly heroic character in the traditional sense of the concept. However, the author does not only provide the reader with a well known model of heroism based on strength and courage. The novel presents a new surprising aspect of this concept and at the same time establishes a modern, innovative definition of the notion. In the course of the novel the reader is exposed to a very peculiar juxtaposition of characters. Next to such heroic figures as Aragorn Tolkien places queer, little, funny hobbits. It is Frodo and his devoted servant Sam who become true heroes of the story. If it had not been for their simplicity, ordinariness, lack of violence and ability to self-sacrifice the whole Middle-earth would be seized by the forces of evil. Frodo and Sam represent ordinary, insignificant figures who through their selflessness, loyalty and love for friends are brought to the heroic glory. Realization of their own limitations, common sense and modesty prevents them form mistakes that other characters are prone to commit. Hobbits represent the kind of courage exhibited by an ordinary person, who rises to heroism in the face of challenge (Purtill 77). Their courage is moral as well as physical. On their quest they have to face both mental torments, such as resisting the power of the ring and fear of enemies, and physical hardships, like lack of food and water, exhaustion due to the strenuous journey and wounds they receive during combats. Tolkien presents the reader a new definition of heroism which is based on love and humility and can be achieved not exclusively by the chosen, great figures but by everybody. Heroism that Tolkien offers in Lord of the Rings is within everybody’s reach, no matter how small and weak and ordinary they would be (Gulisano 132). Juxtaposing the two kinds of heroism Tolkien stresses the fact that both can harmoniously coexist and are complementary: â€Å"without the high and noble the simple and vulgar is utterly mean; and without the simple and ordinary the noble and heroic is meaningless† (Tolkien in: Purtill 60). How to cite Heroism Redifined: Lord of the Rings, Essay examples

Desperation by Stephen King Essay Example For Students

Desperation by Stephen King Essay Desperation, a recent Stephen King novel, is not just a book, but an experience that leaves the reader frightened, paranoid, and questioning his moral beliefs. Picture, if you will, a lone, crazed Nevada policeman who pulls over vehicles on a lonely desert highway and forcefully takes away their occupants. Whichever of them he doesnt kill immediately, he locks up in the jail of the small desolate town of Desperation. Among those captured are the vacationing Carver family, whose RV is sabotaged on its way to Arizona. Already incarcerated is Tom Billingsley, a once well-known member of the now slaughtered community of Desperation. They are soon joined by formerly famous, currently old and overweight writer, Johnny Marinville, who is riding across the country on his Harley-Davidson gathering material for a book of short stories. How to escape Desperation isnt the only unanswered question, though. How could and why would one man single-handedly murder the population of an entire town? Ho w does he have such control over the minds of the animals? Why are they locked up when he could have killed them like every one else? Whatever it is that possesses the body of officer Collie Entraigan cant last forever, though. After several days his body is falling apart at the seams, and he is bleeding from every orifice. Weirder yet, he is growing several inches a day and is bound to burst soon. Will he? Or are the occupants of the local Desperation jail just backup bodies that the possessor will use when it wears out its current one? If so then what is it? More importantly, whos next?An intriguing aspect of this book is that there is no real protagonist. King leaves the reader in constant suspense. Frequently changing views, the story follows one character or group of characters for one chapter and then in the next chapter, follows another, often intertwining the time sequences. The overlapping action is interrupted only by flashbacks that allow the reader to sympathize with a p articular characters actions or feelings. These flashbacks are so intricate that it is difficult to believe they are fictional at all. They go into such detail of the life-altering experiences of everyone involved that the reader gets a sixth sense as to how the characters will react to certain situations. Telling the story in this manner allows the reader to see why every character acts the way that he does. The book itself begins with a distressed Mary Jackson shouting Oh! Oh, Jesus! Gross! (p. 1) in repulsion upon seeing a dead cat nailed to a speed limit sign along the Nevada stretch of highway 50. This particular stretch of asphalt boasts the title The Loneliest Highway in America, and to New York born and raised Peter and Mary Jackson, it is beginning to get a little too creepy. Soon Peter notices an upcoming car in the rear-view mirror. Big chrome grille, coming up fast and reflecting such a savage oblong of sun that he had to squint . . . but he thought the car was white, which meant it wasnt State Police. (p. 6) Soon the little white Acura they are driving is pulled over. They are missing a rear license plate, the hauntingly large officer tells them, and when they open the trunk to get out the tool kit, he notices a gallon sized baggy full of greenish-brown herbal matter. (p. 18) Soon Peter and Mary are en route to the Desperation town jail. On the way there they pass an RV with four flat tires that the policeman flys by as though he doesnt even see it. Upon entering the doorway of the police station, the cop puts his arm around Peter and pumps three bullets in his guts while he and his wife stare in disbelief at the figure of a dead little girl, neck snapped, lying crookedly at the base of the stairs. .u9ced42e6f0a575fe803a8cb4b7542e8d , .u9ced42e6f0a575fe803a8cb4b7542e8d .postImageUrl , .u9ced42e6f0a575fe803a8cb4b7542e8d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9ced42e6f0a575fe803a8cb4b7542e8d , .u9ced42e6f0a575fe803a8cb4b7542e8d:hover , .u9ced42e6f0a575fe803a8cb4b7542e8d:visited , .u9ced42e6f0a575fe803a8cb4b7542e8d:active { border:0!important; } .u9ced42e6f0a575fe803a8cb4b7542e8d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9ced42e6f0a575fe803a8cb4b7542e8d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9ced42e6f0a575fe803a8cb4b7542e8d:active , .u9ced42e6f0a575fe803a8cb4b7542e8d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9ced42e6f0a575fe803a8cb4b7542e8d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9ced42e6f0a575fe803a8cb4b7542e8d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9ced42e6f0a575fe803a8cb4b7542e8d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9ced42e6f0a575fe803a8cb4b7542e8d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9ced42e6f0a575fe803a8cb4b7542e8d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9ced42e6f0a575fe803a8cb4b7542e8d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9ced42e6f0a575fe803a8cb4b7542e8d .u9ced42e6f0a575fe803a8cb4b7542e8d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9ced42e6f0a575fe803a8cb4b7542e8d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Aids In Africa EssayNow the reader is introduced to the Carver family. King evens out the story line by interrupting moments of intense action with flashbacks. In this particular case, King tells of the prior intentions of the Carver family. The story goes into such believable detail that it is difficult to take as fiction. He tells of how they had started out as Four Happy Wanderers as was detailed into the pinstripe of their RV, how they had suddenly blown four simultaneous flat tires, and how they were rescued by what seemed at the time like an outgoing officer of the law. The focus of the author soon turns to past-his-prime writer Johnny Marinville as he feels the need to relieve himself cruising down Highway 50 on his cream and red Harley-Davidson Softtail motorcycle. Johnny decides to just pull over and let it go right there just off the highway. While doing so, he provides the reader with an interesting reminiscence of what his life was like back when he had groupies, was an alcoholic, and was addicted to heroin. Zipping up his jeans and buttoning up his riding chaps, Johnny turns around to find a police cruiser accompanied by a extremely large officer looming over his bike. After a brief, friendly conversation the officer tells Johnny he had better close up his unbuckled saddle bag. This strikes Johnny as odd, seeing as how he had everything tied down and buckled up when he got off the bike, but now his bright orange poncho was hanging half way out of his steel-studded saddle bag. When Johnny opens it up there is a bag of marijuana staring back at him that is strangely familiar to the reader. The cop beats up Marinville and throws him in the back of the cruiser, and soon he gets acquainted with the others back at the jail. From this point on, the plot of the story becomes too intricate and involved to be covered simply by summarization, but the rapidly deteriorating officer soon leaves in pursuit of more victims, taking Ellen Carver with him. The crew of inmates soon escapes incarceration, led by the young and God-fearing David Carver. David has been deeply religious ever since his prayers awoke his best friend from a coma several days before they were going to pull the plug on him. He uses his faith in God to counteract the evils of Tak, the possessor, and his animal minions. The plot thickens as David performs several arguable miracles with the help of God, such as squeezing his entire body, including his head through a four inch gap between the prison bars. He also produces an entire meal for eight out of two cans of sardines and a half box of Ritz crackers (reminiscent of the bible story of the loaves and fishes) and causes Johnnys cellular phone to work as clear as day when no one else can get goo d enough reception to dial. While deep in prayer, he is provided with accurate, elaborate visions of the can tahs, little stone carvings contained in the depths of the pits of the Desperation Mining Company. Upon touching these carvings, people go crazy with a psychotic urge to kill until then their flesh melts off their bones like ice cream. These can tahs come from the ini, which is the main underground source of Taks evil. David wont leave Desperation without destroying the ini, feeling that God will see his life as a fair trade for that of his childhood friends. Marinville, who is out of shape, but still has a sharp mind, foresees that David will feel as though he is obligated to take the subterranean suicide bombing mission upon himself. Johnny orders the others to subdue David while he takes the bags of ANFO explosive and plummets to the very heart of the evil of Desperation, blowing it up along with himself, while the others make their escape. He tells David to pretend like this never happened, to live his life, to Go find your friend and make him your brother. (p. 543) However, we never find out what exactly happens to any of the survivors. .ub49cdf8766126cdb56aca5076f4a0a01 , .ub49cdf8766126cdb56aca5076f4a0a01 .postImageUrl , .ub49cdf8766126cdb56aca5076f4a0a01 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub49cdf8766126cdb56aca5076f4a0a01 , .ub49cdf8766126cdb56aca5076f4a0a01:hover , .ub49cdf8766126cdb56aca5076f4a0a01:visited , .ub49cdf8766126cdb56aca5076f4a0a01:active { border:0!important; } .ub49cdf8766126cdb56aca5076f4a0a01 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub49cdf8766126cdb56aca5076f4a0a01 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub49cdf8766126cdb56aca5076f4a0a01:active , .ub49cdf8766126cdb56aca5076f4a0a01:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub49cdf8766126cdb56aca5076f4a0a01 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub49cdf8766126cdb56aca5076f4a0a01 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub49cdf8766126cdb56aca5076f4a0a01 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub49cdf8766126cdb56aca5076f4a0a01 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub49cdf8766126cdb56aca5076f4a0a01:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub49cdf8766126cdb56aca5076f4a0a01 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub49cdf8766126cdb56aca5076f4a0a01 .ub49cdf8766126cdb56aca5076f4a0a01-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub49cdf8766126cdb56aca5076f4a0a01:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Why Home Schooled Students Should Have Access to Extracurricular Activities EssayI would recommend this book to any adventurous reader. The amazing attention to detail combined with the frighteningly realistic accounts of the pasts of the characters makes this book a fresh experience. Although I am not too familiar with other works of Stephen King, I can assure the reader that Desperations entangling sub-plots and horrific action are so intimidating that he will find himself turning in bed as much as he will turning the pages.

Islam Hajj Essay Example

Islam Hajj Essay Hajj Overview oPilgrimage is the supreme prayer for forgiveness of sins committed and the ultimate preparation for eternity oPilgrimage rituals which must be performed, eg circumambulation of the Ka’ba oThe rites of the Hajj symbolise the essential concepts of Islam and commemorate the trials of the Prophet Ibrahim and his family oHajj: The annual, week-long pilgrimage to Mecca (in modern-day Saudi Arabia), which is the fifth pillar of faith and is therefore an obligation as it is prescribed in the Qur’an. The complete Hajj occurs two months and ten days after Ramadan ends and culminates with ‘Id al-Adha (the Festival of Sacrifice). oIhram: The white garments are symbolic of human equality and unity before God, since all pilgrims are dressed similarly. Money and status are no longer a factor for the pilgrims— the equality of each person before God becomes foremost. oBefore they leave they must pay their debts, provide for for Hajj nd provide for any family that may be left behind. oThe rituals occur in and around Mecca. Before commencing Hajj or entering the holy area of Makkah the pilgrams must prepare themselves for the physical and spiritual journey ahead. This includes †¢Formal washing of the complete body †¢Making intention †¢Putting on the clothing consisting of two seamless pieces of white cloth for males. Females can wear what they like, provided its modest and covers body. †¢Attaining a state of Ihram, a state of purity, peace and honesty > ref raining from sex, flirting, lustful thoughts, wearing shoes or socks. Reciting a prayer that the Hajj is for Allah alone > â€Å"here I am responding to your call O Allah. I am responding to your call. † oThen begins the physical journey of the pilgrim in Makkah. One that will take several days to complete. Significance oMuslims believe that the rites of Hajj were designed by God and taught by the Prophet Muhammad. oThe Hajj is designed to develop God consciousness and a sense of spiritual rebirth. oIt is also believed to be an opportunity to seek forgiveness of sins accumulated throughout life. Prophet Muhammad had said that a person who performs Hajj properly ‘will return as a newly born baby [free of all sins]’. oIt is also an opportunity for Muslims from all over the world to come together to worship the One God. How Hajj Expresses the Belief of Islam oIncorpoates and expresses all the main articles of faith of Islam (beliefs about Allah, his messengers, Muha mmad, the Qur’an, angels, Adam and eve the devil, life, death and the Day of Judgment to come. oTradition has it that Adam and Eve were forgiven by Allah near Mount of Mercy. We will write a custom essay sample on Islam Hajj specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Islam Hajj specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Islam Hajj specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In gratitude Adam built the first Ka’ba but this was washed away in the great flood. oIn the Qur’an there are many references to the Hajj and pilgrimage is mentioned many times. In fact Sura 22 is titled Al-Hajj †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Proclaim the pilgrimage to the people. They will come to you on foot and on every lean camel, they shall come from every deep ravine† Significance of Hajj for the individual and the community o‘The reward for an accepted Hajj is nothing less than paradise’ (Hadith) oMakes present the central beliefs of a muslims religion. It is an obligatory pilgrimage oThey get to see the very places where the Prophet Muhammad lived and to walk in his footsteps is inspirational and strengthening to faith oAn opportunity for spiritual rebirth and the removal of sins, to start again and ‘return like a newborn baby’ (Hadith) oThe rejection of Satan by stoning the three pillars is a physical act that reinforces a spiritual and psycholog ical commitment to reject evil both now and into the future oThe pilgrims state of Ihram is one of purity and humility. Here they are at peace with Allah, with themselves, with other Muslims and with all of creation. This memory will stay with them and they will try to recreate this in their everyday lives. oWithin Hajj the unity and universality of Islam are highlighted and strengthened. oHajj is the largest annual peace gathering in the world with over 2 million people gathering each year to pray together and be at peace with each other and with creation. oHajj reminds all Muslims of the Day of Judgement when all will assemble and be judged on their intentions. Conclusion Islam, the world’s second most followed religion can be summed up in the two sentences: ‘There is no god but God’ and ‘Muhammad is the messenger of God’. Everyone and everything depends upon Allah and it is through the guidance of the Qur’an and the example set by the Prophet’s life that Muslims cultivate an understanding of God and surrender themselves to the will of God. The relationship between the individual and God and with the community is expressed in the living out of the five pillars and following Shari‘a. Throughout its history, there have been shifts in how Islam views signifi cant people and schools of thought, and the modern world has brought new challenges to Islamic jurisprudence in regard to ethical issues. Muslims living in Australia have not always found it easy to ‘live out’ their religion according to Shari‘a and have had to confront misconceptions about their beliefs and practices. Today, however, the practices of Islam are a normal part of Australia’s religious landscape.

What Skills Will You Need in the Future

What Skills Will You Need in the Future What Skill Will Be in High Demand in the Future What would your life looked like in ten years? If you had a chance to take a glance into the future, I bet you’d find yourself pushing forward the career of your dreams. Though, constant mechanization of the working process and replacement of the human resources by computers and various automatic systems add fuel to the fire of the world’s panic attack on career opportunities. Before you throw over your laptop and rush to sign up for each and every skill-training courses, such as cuisine or management classes, stop for a second and give it a thought. What if you already have necessary skills to pursue a new career? Knowing how to cook ravioli or making a worthy PowerPoint presentation will definitely come in hand to get some extra income or for your personal boost, it may occur that your degree has already given you the skills and abilities you need to possess. The Atlantic has published a report highlighting the six most crucial features driving the labor opportunity market of 2025. The growth in impact of the digital world, the ability to examine big data and interpret it, figuring out an applied aspect and cross-world interactions are outlined as the engine of progress of the employment criteria in the future. Technical Thinking: Do We Understand the Numbers? The technological progress is now flourishing faster than we could ever imagine, providing the humanity with outstanding accomplishments in all fields of science and everyday life, heading to the apogee of the engineering thought. Though, computers provide us with great amount of data, the understanding of what the given numbers mean and their interpretation leaves much more work to complete. The ability to analyze the information and numbers will remain in priority. Social Intelligence and Cross-world Collaboration The same way a small group project or any team work require decent directing and managing skills, larger and broader companies and institutions have a strong need in administrating and supporting the international collaboration and keeping the world web interactions in sustainable order. Flexibility and Quickness of Thinking The basic marketing approaches will be always in demand as long as there are products and customers. Though, analyzing the target audience and keeping track of novelties and mainstreams in the society will not remain the only resources for marketing departments. In order to be on top, the ability to get ahead of other players is absolutely crucial. The speed rate of the decision-making and awareness of the significance of the presentation to the investors and shareholders will determine the level of success of your work. Working with a market implies a great deal of ingenuity. A Mindful Design Process There’s a big variety of development techniques for successful project management. Obtaining at least a couple of such techniques in your arsenal will lead ahead in managing any working processes. Understanding the software development life cycle is a great ability the employers are already looking for in their employees.

5 home remedies to end fatigue

5 home remedies to end fatigue With the current rhythm of life that we have, stress and other situations that arise can end up producing excessive fatigue or fatigue. This time we will talk about 5 home remedies to combat fatigue and that will come very well to people who feel exhausted throughout the day or just to start the day with much more energy. Royal jelly This is undoubtedly one of the best home remedies to combat fatigue that in addition to providing a lot of energy naturally stimulates the bodys defenses. By taking royal jelly, we increase physical and mental capacity, as well as increasing our appetite and sexual energy. It is also good to reduce blood pressure, cholesterol, improve digestive health and protect against many diseases. Ginseng The properties of this root are really beneficial for our organism. It contains many minerals and vitamins and is another of the foods that help us a lot to combat fatigue. To make ginseng one of the ways in which we can prepare it is making tea . In a cup of water we toss 1 gram of dried and ground ginseng root. Once it breaks to boil, we remove it from the heat and let it rest for 5 minutes. If we want its effect to be even more powerful we can add honey to it. Ginkgo biloba It is another plant that provides a lot of vitality and is another of the home remedies for fatigue that should always be available. It contains many therapeutic organic substances such as flavonoids and biflavones that are powerful antioxidants. In addition to giving us energy also strengthens the immune system and helps in memory problems, depression, dizziness even in vision problems. It is also recommended in people who have diabetes. Milk, amaranth and honey This fourth remedy is a combination of these 3 ingredients and to make it we will do the following: In a bowl we put 300 milliliters of milk, a couple of tablespoons of amaranth and a spoonful of honey. We beat everything well and we already have a drink that will help us to finish the fatigue. The ideal is to drink it fasting so that it gives us more energy for the whole day. Special homemade juice To prepare this very energetic juice, what we will need is a bunch of spinach, a couple of stalks of celery and purified water. It is liquefied to obtain a juice that helps us not only to overcome fatigue, but also to reduce stress and reduce mental fatigue a lot. The best time of day also to take it is fasting although it can also be taken throughout the day and in this case it is best to do it when we have an empty stomach.

THE single MOST critical issue facing leaders & managers NOW (today Essay

THE single MOST critical issue facing leaders & managers NOW (today - Essay Example The principal feature of talent management regards the fact that it occurs in every department. It shifts several duties from the human resource department. It also involves strategies of attracting and retaining human capital in form of employees. This is a method of employing linked human resource processes in attaining a firm’s single benefit. There are vital elements that talent management should consider. Traditional opinion considers the lower staff as the entity that deserves talent management. However, talent achieves a wider perspective in the sense of a company. Talent would refer to discovered and unrealized potential. This means that simple elements such as observing individuals’ emotions should be harnessed. Teams that possess proper coordination can also perform at a higher level. In order that a company harnesses proper growth, the best individuals need engagement and development from the company. Leading organizations are aware of the trick of driving superior business performance by managing exceptional talents. Additionally, talent management should respect the fact that every employee has a way of expressing their talents. This relates to the fact every individual is unique. It means that they harness their distinct nature for better performance of themselves. Research proves that harnessing every individual’s potential creates competitive strength. Besides, talent management should involve proper analysis of comprehensive data. This necessitates that companies should align their employees with the work environment (Shukla, 2009). Most organizations invest in understanding and analyzing technology. In terms of talent management, this should refer to the insight that organizations focus on utilizing human resources. Talent management systems ease the task of designing performance reviews. This pertains to employing a workflow that automates

Sport Event and Tourism Management. Regeneration and Mega Events Essay

Sport Event and Tourism Management. Regeneration and Mega Events BRAZIL FIFA WORLD CUP 2014 - Essay Example The inflation challenges in the 80s are currently a distant reminiscence (Lanie 2007, p.10). This economic permanency has conveyed increasing living values, limiting heights of intense crime, at least in the greatest flourishing counties, and capital from the transaction of produces that are being traded to China as quickly as they can be distributed to the nearest harbor. With development only briefly affected by the 2009 crisis, the nation is now forecast to continue growing at some five percent per year for the near future (Gui 2012, p. 49). Brazil will be for the first time part of the global sporting events track, with Rio de Janairo its focal point with the FIFA World Cup in 2014 Games. Rio is at present Brazil’s energy investment, lying in an estimated oil bonus of up to 90 billion containers, and it is rapid venture in infrastructure, social housing, urban regeneration as well as environmental remediation in order to look at its best when the world comes in 2014 for th e FIFA world cup ceremonies (Knight 2008, p. 67). It is thus vital that the venues be spread throughout the nation to allow nationwide developments that comes with such mega events. The drive for the 2014 Games currently building with Brazil`s new president putting her weight behind the delivery structures (Weed 2008, p. 94). Rio is devoted to convey sustainable games with a resilient concentration on legacy. As a result, given the rule of common objectives, their concern in the London 2012 Games is placing British organizations in a better position to donate to delivering Rio`s determinations. Despite the fact that the world cup has displayed a black box model by the Brazilian national, government, and urban governments, the Rio 2014 planners have approved a more democratic procedure, with the promotion of a public national rivalry for the architectural strategy of the facilities of the media center. In addition, more recently, there has been the initiation of a worldwide architect ural cooperation for the sport amenities. There is an expectation that these tendencies might develop a more exposed setting for the argument of sustainability matters, also comprising the nationwide and global educational communities in the choice making and execution processes of the mega event (Tavares 2008, p. 82). Even though these beginnings have encountered with the perfect support of the architectural occupation, there is much to be completed at the more social level, with the participation of local communities in the organization and enactment procedures leading to optimistic urban regeneration. During the past two years, after the proclamation of Brazil’s winning candidature to host the 2014 World Cup (2008) and, less than twelve months afterwards, that of Rio’s winning bid to host the 2014 the country has lived a development of a black box’ model to the association and raise of both mega events, that only now arises to show some honesty to a critical analysis or the likelihood of a self-governing process to ensure the legacy of a justifiable urban regeneration of host metropolises (Hellwig 2012, p. 39). Black box’ is taken to imply a process of decision-making stages founded fundamentally in the work of governmental organizations to carry out trainings which defined the objectives and dimensions of public expenditures in the facilities for the sport mega events, without any

Training for improving service quality at Honda Essay Example for Free

Training for improving service quality at Honda Essay This case is about Honda American Motor Company which tries to improve quality due to blended learning approach. They split it in three different phase. 1. Phase one: The first phase takes place online. For two to three weeks, learners access a series of online modules that introduce the logical processes for effective problem solving and decision making. Learner progress is essentially self-paced, but since the content is driven from a Web server, the instructor can follow the progress of each learner and provide on-going encouragement and support. During phase one, learners are also asked to identify situations to which they intend to apply the techniques so they can focus on these situations when they attend the workshop. This powerful combination of initial learning and preparation for applying the concepts to real-life issues ensures the following phase will not only be efficient but also build deep understanding and significant motivation to use the ideas on the job after training. 2. Phase two: The second phase takes place at the workshop. Guided by the instructor, learners spend two days deepening their understanding of the concepts, discussing best practices and additional techniques for problem solving and decision making, and practicing on detailed case scenarios. Since skill transfer and results occur most rapidly when starting with the learner’s on-the-job issues, a significant portion of the session is spent working on the problems, decisions and plans identified in phase one. Simultaneously, learners receive coaching and feedback from the instructor and one another. Learners leave the session ready to fully apply the concepts and with a plan in hand to move successfully from the workshop to consistent use of the concepts back on the job. 3. Phase three: The final phase takes place back online. In the three weeks following the session, learners resolve the on-the-job issues they began to work on during the workshop. They document for instructor review, feedback and approval the specific techniques they used to resolve the issues. During phase three, learners have access to a host of online support tools and information. They can contact the instructor with questions at any time. The goal of this phase is to ensure use of the learned concepts and build  confidence. Advantages of Honda’s blended learning approach Quality of individual output is improved. Employees have the same way of thinking and working - Makes it easier to work with manager and all the co-workers. Deep understanding and strong motivation from the employees Personalized support Reduce their time away from the job Take advantages of expanding technology capabilities and infrastructure Assure tangible transfer of skills Format which best support the overall emphasis on growth and quality Questions After the presentation of our case some questions have been asked by the students of the class. We have discussed about them and tried to bring some explanations. There were different kinds of questions. The first kind was about the learning model itself. The main questions were the followings: 1. How can you measure the quality improvements? Overall and in figures? 2. Is the learning time too short? 3. Can you find in the library some video clips? 4. Is it not to theoretical this learning system? For the first one we think that it is really difficult to measure in term of figure this kind of program. Indeed it is not a small part of Honda’s employees that are training but the whole company. In addition it is not a program for the short term but for the long term. The global quality of Hondo production will increase due to the learning program that means that the customers will be more satisfy. In the long run they will come back to the company to buy their next car. It will take years to quantify the real impact on the turnover. However it is possible to conduct some survey to the customer to know if they think that the quality has improved. The company  can also check if the time to make a car decrease or if there are less failure with the production. For the second one we do not think that the learning time is too short. 6 weeks is enough for this time of training. Moreover it is not because you have done it one time that you cannot do it anymore in the future. With a short training you can be focused on the main point and do not lose time on secondary information that the employee will never use. For the third one we do not know if it is already available on the intranet of Honda. But it can be a really good idea if it does not exist yet. People prefer to watch somebody explaining something (and see how it is working) than only read it in a book. The last one if one of the most important question for this kind of program where you mix theoretical and manual learning. Where is the border between too much of one or the other? At the first view it seems that two days of practice is not enough. However when the employee start is manual formation he has already learned lots of information. So the trainer will not lose lots of time to explain easy and obvious things but can be directly focus on the main important information that the trainee must learn. The second kind of question was more about the employees and their interaction with the learning program. The following questions have been asked to us: 1. How can you motivate the employees, with which kinds of incentives? 2. What about the learners who are not ready after phase 2? 3. What are the interactions among the employees? By participating into an important process in order to improve the quality of their company, the worker feels involved and useful. Indeed, its not sufficient for the most part. Regarding to the low wages that the workers can perceived, a money incentive can be a real motivation to make them want to learn. Moreover, they can motivate them by establishing in the company policy, a rule that explain that if the worker is efficient and provides good work quickly, he can whether be promoted or get bonus in the end of each month. The answer of the second question is quite simple. Indeed, the instructors  can easily evaluate the learners by watching him doing the job. If the learner applies the method perfectly, the instructor will give him the permission to go to the next phase. Otherwise, according to his level of difficulties, the instructor will send him either in the first phase or remake the second phase. Employees interact each other every time (within the company, lunch breaks), but also on the intranet through forums or instant messages. Thus, they can talk easily about working problems, or for instance, share tips and solutions about technical problems. Every single solution is directly saved into the database. Lot of communication channels allows workers to interact easily each other. How does Honda doing compare to its competitors? First of all it is a really complex process to compare sales and figures with quality management. As we learned during the lecture there is no guaranteed effect between sales of products, Stock price progress and quality. Therefore it is even challenging for Managers to analyze the effects of quality improvements. In ours point of view there is one obvious point how to compare it. The annual recalls of Cars. Toyota US 2013 (Toyota US, 2014 Reuters, 2014) Cars Sold: 182’152 Cars Recall â€Å"Nearly 19 million vehicles globally from late 2009 to early 2011 due to unintended acceleration claims.† Honda US 2013 (IBT, 2014 Reuters, 2014) Cars Sold: 135’255 Cars Recall â€Å"Between 2008 and 2011, Honda was forced to recall about 2.8 million vehicles after finding a defect with driver-side airbags supplied by Takata.†  « Honda (2.8 million), Hyundai-Kia (2.2 million) and Ford Motor Co. (1.2 million) rounded out the top five in terms of vehicles recalled in 2013.  » Conclusion To conclude, this system of training in three phases has many advantages. It permits to all employees to feel involved in it because it is not only a theoretical learning system, to have a personalized support and a control at each phase permit to really evaluate their progression. Furthermore this system of training allows them to reduce their time away from their job. We have analysed some questions about this system such as the measurement of the quality improvement because we can’t really quantify the real impact on the turnover now. The project is on the long term and it will take some few years to measure the satisfaction of the customer, if they will buy another car of this brand or not. The other questions were about employees and their interaction with the program. The money is not the only motivation for employees; they are also motivated by the self-satisfaction (increase their knowledge, promotion, or belong to a company of quality). This program permits the skills transfer also, to discuss of problems on the intranet (forums) Despite some â€Å"issues† such as measuring the efficiency right now of this system or the non-guarantee of effect between sales of product, stock price progress and quality; Honda is the company with the lowest annual recalls of cars. Bibliography IBT http://www.ibtimes.com/here-are-december-2013-big-eight-us-auto-sales-numbers-gm-ford-chrysler-toyota-honda-nissan-1525492, 16.04.2014 Reuters http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/04/11/us-toyota-recall-idUSBRE93A04D20130411, 16.04.2014 Toyota US http://toyotanews.pressroom.toyota.com/releases/tms+march+2014+sales+chart.htm, 16.04.2014

stem cells :: essays research papers

Advancements in genetic engineering has been one of the most talked about subjects for many years. It has scared some but at the same time intrigued others. This question how far is too far, will play a big issue in years to come and even now for that mater. What people do not understand is that the research that is being done today is being done to help cure incurable diseases like the Aids virus and Cancer and it is not being done to create at perfect utopian society where everyone is the same and equal in all aspects. Stem cell research has been around since the early 1980's and since its development many advances have been made. In the beginning they could only speculate what they could do with the cells. They have come farther than anyone cold imagine when they cloned dolly the sheep in 1997 and since then it has become a popular subject. People fore the most part are open to the idea that stem cells could be the cure for many diseases but it scares them to thing that since scientists can change the cells in a kidney that why couldn't they manipulate the cells to make a perfect human. Though the argument is sound and logical it is unlikely that in the near future of ever for that matter that our government would allow such things to happen. Though the slow downward spiral of the development of stem cells is inevitable it is not of any real threat to our generation. President Bush's views on stem cell research are probably the best way to go about studying the cells without the most complications. In 2001 he proposed that only some cells be researched. CNN put it this way, "The president said scientists have told him that research on the 60 exist ing stem cell lines has great promise that could lead to breakthrough therapies and cures. This allows us to explore the promise and potential of stem cell research without crossing a fundamental moral line"(cnn.com). This is probably the most practical way of looking at the research but recently Bush changed his policy on government funding of Stem Cell research. His new policy allows the development of stem cells to continue but now cuts government funding from the picture. Ken Lisaius the

Geometric Design Of Rural Roads Engineering Essay

It is a good known fact that route accidents in South Africa are serious causes of concern. Harmonizing to the latest accident statistics at that place has been an addition in the figure of human deaths. Harmonizing to the article on the Arrive Alive web site ( Road decease toll ‘unacceptable ‘ ) [ 1 ] dated 3 January 2010, Transport Minister Sibusiso Ndebele is disappointed with the route decease toll, stating that one human death on the state ‘s roads is one excessively many. Preliminary statistics released by the section on 2 January 2010 revealed that 1050 people had died in route related incidents during December 2009.N3Road safety is non merely a major concern for South Africa but so a concern that requires the immediate attending of other states worldwide. The Commission for Global Road Safety has during June 2006 presented a study titled â€Å" Make Roads Safe † [ 2 ] that could hold an consequence on the manner we approach route safety. The study aims to concentrate on political and public attending and relates to the planetary route traffic hurt epidemic that claims the lives of 1.2 million people and hurts around 50 million yearly. Table: Gay period figures – December 2008StateClangFatalitiesDriversPassengersPedestriansSumGeneral practitioner 206 69 58 105 232 KZN 194 44 95 109 248 WCP 104 35 38 51 124 ECP 117 36 56 53 145 FST 83 30 42 35 107 MPU 131 65 52 44 161 NWP 81 28 38 40 106 LIM 132 59 80 35 174 NCP 24 9 19 5 33 1073 371 478 471 1331 Beginning: Traffic Focus March 2008, p38, â€Å" Fatal Road Accident Statistics † by Cielie Karow ( RTMC ) The study besides indicates that unsafe roads have a important impact on developmental aims, particularly because of the huge economic and societal cost of route clangs to low and in-between income states. South Africa is in this class. It is of import that the cognition gained by high income states be transferred and implemented in South Africa. The N3 path is a popular path during vacations and with high volumes of rider and cargo traffic on the roads, there is prone to be serious and fatal accidents. Road fury, velocity and driver behaviors are non the lone cause of these accidents. Holiday periods are by and large during the rainy season and route elements, particularly drainage, contribute to accidents.SuperelevationThere are changing point of views and sentiments among civil technology professionals on the use of superelevation values given in the TRH 17 [ 3 ] and SANRAL ‘s Geometric Design Guidelines [ 4 ] . The geometric design considerations need to be reviewed particularly when it relates to route surface drainage at points where the route has no crossfall during development of superelevation. Presently the SANRAL Drainage Manual, 5th Edition Final Revision, p5-2 [ 5 ] recommends that the flow deepness during a 1:5 twelvemonth storm should non transcend 6mm. This is in contrast to the Highway Drainage Manual ( FHWA-TS-79-225 ) [ 6 ] recommendation of 4mm. Harmonizing to Highway Surface Design ( Transit New Zealand ) Manual [ 7 ] , the critical deepness for aquaplaning scopes from 4mm to 10mm depending on Sur and paving surfacing. The surface H2O deepness hence, should be restricted to 4mm for all but particular state of affairss where superelevation produces long, curved flow waies. There are three common particular state of affairss where surface H2O deepness may go critical, viz. , horizontal alliance curvature, intersections and inclines and superelevation development.2.2 Why is th e research being undertaken?Standards for superelevation where steep perpendicular classs have a direct consequence on drainage on horizontal curves have non been developed harmonizing to the TRB [ 8 ] . Drain jobs associated with superelevation has resulted in an addition ( particularly at route broadenings ) in vehicular accidents and a thorough survey of the surface H2O flow waies on route surfaces due to superelevation demands need to be farther investigated, researched and analysed. The proposed analysis and context of the research proposal will place the factors such as velocity impacting the vehicle kineticss at crisp or decreased horizontal curves where flow waies of surface H2O are debatable and can take to aquaplaning. Driver behavior during aquaplaning in concurrence with the geometric design of the roadway are factors considered in the research. This survey will be done under heavy vehicular traffic conditions during inauspicious conditions conditions. ‘Context Sensitive Design ‘ ( CSD* ) [ 9 ] for the geometric design of safer roads will be addressed in the research survey.2.3 How will the consequences add to the organic structure of cognition?The TRH 17 papers was compiled to be a design guideline for the geometric design of rural roads in penchant to criterions. An aim of the TRH 17 was to continuously amend the bill of exchange papers, through audience between the governments, treatment with practicians and ongoing research. This has non happened. It is common pattern by geometric interior decorators to utilize the TRH 17 papers for the design of rural roads without oppugning the values obtained in the tabular arraies and graphs. The cogency of the guidelines should be judged by t he geometric interior decorator in each specific state of affairs every bit good as the effects of going from the values suggested. Similarly SANRAL ‘s Geometric Design Guidelines have been developed to help design advisers. The inceptions of the guidelines stem from AASHTO [ 10 ] . Currently there is no criterions developed for SA and these guidelines are authority specific.Literature reappraisalThe literature reappraisal will depict the current province of cognition on the component and will be researched. Applicable literature listed hereunder have been identified. * † Context sensitive design ( CSD ) asks inquiries foremost about the demand and intent of the transit undertaking, and so every bit addresses safety, mobility, and the saving of scenic, aesthetic, historic, environmental, and other community values. CSD involves a collaborative, interdisciplinary attack in which citizens are portion of the design squad. †3.1 Reference certificationRefer to list of mentions ( 11.3 List of Mentions ) .How will the literature reappraisal nexus with the job statement and research aims?The literature reappraisal gives a background and base cognition to develop in this research survey.Case surveyAs portion of the on-going committedness towards route safety, convenience and mobility, N3TC conducted a comprehensive route safety audit in 2006 [ 11 ] which highlighted velocity as the chief cause of accidents at assorted locations along the N3 between Cedara and Heidelberg. Sections where velocity bounds are posted necessitates forbearance, approp riate decreases in velocity and full concentration on the portion of drivers. Accidents in these countries frequently occur because drivers lose control due to rushing, every bit good as the high velocity derived functions between heavy and light vehicles. Mist and inauspicious conditions conditions have a important impact of driver conditions. Van Reenen ‘s Pass is one of the most beautiful subdivisions of the N3 exceeding the escarpment between the Free State and Kwazulu-Natal renowned for its slippery and unstable roads ( peculiarly as a consequence of the frequent brumous conditions ) .The route is steep, really steep in topographic points, and turns and turns as it follows the cragged terrain. The conditions is risky at times with high air currents capable of blowing trains, light vehicles and light trucks onto their sides. Snow has on a figure of occasions wholly closed the Van Reenen ‘s Pass, whilst mist and rain on a regular basis cut down visibleness and render the route faithlessly unsafe. It is of peculiar involvement the visibleness of a figure of skid Markss on the route surfacing and guardrail replacing. Traffic, in peculiar heavy traffic, increases yearly as the economic system grows. Trucks unrelentingly ‘grind ‘ up and down Van Reenen ‘s Pass twenty-four hours and dark, while during extremum traffic periods every bit many as 3000 vehicles per hr use the base on balls. Using September 2004 to August 2006 statistics [ 12 ] , the day-to-day norm traffic was 9100 vehicles, of which 2600 were big trucks ( 5 axles or more ) , about a 3rd of all vehicles. During the month of December 2007 recorded at the Van Reenen ‘s Pass, the mean day-to-day traffic reached 11000. The velocity derived functions between trucks in low cogwheel and the powerful new coevals of light vehicles is highly awful, both up and down the base on balls. High velocity derived functions ( 76 % of drivers exceed the velocity bound on the base on balls ) and failure to accommodate velocity in relation to fortunes, have contributed to 70 % of all accidents on the base on balls over this period. Th e consequences do non portray a pretty image and from a route safety point of position, Van Reenen ‘s Pass is the individual most unsafe subdivision of the N3. N3TC has identified and addressed route safety on Van Reenen ‘s Base on balls from three points of position, viz. technology, instruction and enforcement [ 13 ] . N3TC has implemented intercessions to cut down the figure of accidents on the base on balls but presently the greatest causes of accidents is by vehicle softness ( inoperative brakes in peculiar ) , rear-end hits due to high velocity derived functions, unsafe inter-lane tactics and driver freak out in utmost conditions conditions.Elementss impacting safety at superelevationThe drainage conditions of the roadway in relation to the vehicle kineticss need to be farther investigated as superelevation along crisp horizontal curves with decreased sight distances presents a important degree of driver concentration. The driver tends to rectify the vehicular way. The surface stormwater run-off flow way along the horizontal curve effects natural braking forces which in bend can take to seaplaning ( or aquaplaning ) . Aquaplaning occurs when H2O force per unit areas build up in forepart of a traveling Sur ensuing in an uplift force sufficient to divide the Sur from the paving. During high strength rainfall events, a H2O movie builds up on the surface on the route. The hazard of vehicle aquaplaning additions as the deepness of this movie increases. The loss of maneuvering and drag force produced during aquaplaning may so do the vehicle to lose control, particularly when a guidance Sur is involved. Rainfall strength is the most of import environmental factor in hydroplaning. The hazard of dynamic aquaplaning is straight relative to the deepness of H2O in the route surface. This deepness is affected by a broad scope of factors that are contributed to by the environment such as the geometric design, paving design, drainage design and care and by the status of the vehicle. The geometry of the route has a big consequence on the H2O deepness and is the factor over which the geometric interior decorator has the most control. The length of clip H2O is able to remain on the route will act upon the deepness it achieves. Longer flow waies intend more clip to roll up rainfall and consequence in higher movie deepnesss. Changes in superelevation, reduced horizontal alliance and droop curves are some of the job countries where the incline is low or where H2O has to flux a long manner over the paving before being intercepted by a drainage system or dispersing into the next terrain. Superelevation alterations can ensue in long curving flow waies which may be debatable. Steeper longitudinal inclines can besides increase the flow way length and ensuing deepness. The paving texture deepness effects the H2O deepness by leting some of this H2O to flux between the sum or in channels supplying flow waies to let H2O in forepart of the Sur to be forced out under force per unit area. Porosity can besides be considered as some pavings such as open-graded porous asphalt allow H2O to run out through them, taking it off from the surface. Wheel path depressions have a important consequence on the drainage patterns increasing H2O deepness and concentrating flow. The N3 has changing pavement surfacing of which an analysis will be done sing the flow way on these surfaces. Pavement drainage solutions is indispensable to guarantee that no H2O is able to pond on the trafficable route surface, peculiarly in sag countries. This is critical in order to cut down the aquaplaning hazard. Vehicle features and behaviors are besides of import factors in aquaplaning. The velocity at which a vehicle needs to go to get down aquaplaning is determined by H2O deepness but besides by the vehicle ‘s weight and Sur features. The vehicle weight determines how much uplift force is needed to bring on separation and it follows that a lighter vehicle will aquaplane at a lower velocity. Higher Sur force per unit areas increase the aquaplaning velocity by cut downing the contact country between Sur and route, increasing the vehicle ‘s weight to country ratio. Tyre pace deepness besides affects aquaplaning the same manner as pavement texture, with deeper pace traveling the H2O off from the country of contact more efficaciously. While minimal tyre pace deepness and maximal velocity are both specified by jurisprudence, minimal weight and Sur force per unit areas are non. These are vehicle maker recommendations specific. In drumhead, drainage demands versus vehicle kineticss are the cardinal factors to be considered in the development of superelevation standards at decreased horizontal curves to minimise aquaplaning on the N3. Practical considerations such as Sur deepness, paving features and drainage solutions will be evaluated along the path. The assorted literature reviewed amplifies the demand for safer roads and the N3 is considered to be the most traveled path in South Africa.Research backgroundSignificant roadway debasement such as shining of sums, hemorrhage of bitumen and rutting depletes the clash supply available for cornering. This depletion consequences from the usage of a part of the clash supply to supply the necessary braking force required to keep velocity on the downgrade. The velocity of the vehicles on the roadway and the vehicle kineticss will necessitate to be analysed as differing vehicles have different clash forces exerted on the roadway. It can non be assumed that the relevant design standards for a auto is similar to that of a truck or frailty versa. As the Independent Engineer, my old audit studies [ 14 ] on the N3 has indicated the assorted surfacing failures. Skid Markss are significantly prevailing and N3TC/SANRAL/DOT accident studies will necessitate to be investigated as portion of the resea rch survey. It is noted from the TRH 17 that the design vehicle is a individual unit truck. This unwanted combination consequences in a important lessening in the border of safety ensuing from roadway class, particularly for heavy vehicles. On long or reasonably steep classs, drivers tend to go faster in the downgrade than in the upgrade way. Additionally, research has shown that the side clash demand is greater on both downgrades ( due to braking forces ) and steep ascents ( due to the grip forces ) . Downgrades on horizontal curves may be debatable, and that accommodation for it may be desirable in some instances. There are no guidelines as to how this accommodation should be made for two-lane or multilane divided or undivided roadways. Some accommodation in superelevation rates should be considered for classs steeper than 5 % . This accommodation is peculiarly of import on roadways with high truck volumes and on low-speed roadways with intermediate curves utilizing high degrees of side clash demand. The superelevation alteration proposition high spots that this accommodation be made by utilizing higher design velocities standards for the geometric design of the roadway. More unequivocal counsel on this accommodation, every bit good as accommodation for other elements of the horizontal curve, is needed. The design velocity versus minimal curve radii of horizontal curvature needs farther probe to guarantee safety on crisp horizontal curves taking the other related factors like superelevation, etc into consideration. The article published in the Pretoria News, â€Å" Wet conditions causes a spike in route accidents † [ 15 ] refers to the important addition in roadway accidents during showery conditions. The drainage demands and vehicle kineticss in relation to superelevation design of the roadway will be investigated and researched. I have consulted assorted professional applied scientists, engineers [ 16 ] and independent advisers [ 17 ] in the transit industry. The response received was favourable in footings of the demand for farther probes of superelevation in relation to drainage demands and vehicle kineticss for roadway geometric design.Research jobs and purposesI am presently the IE ( independent applied scientist ) and have audited the everyday route care points of the N3 for the past 3 old ages. As such, I have entree to some informations to analyze as portion of the survey. Assorted subdivisions of the N3 are presently being upgraded or rehabilitated to better the quality and lifetime of the route due to vehicular traffic additions. There is important freight motion. This has resulted in an addition in vehicular accidents. My point of view on the design considerations adopted on the N3 is subjective as driver safety factors and other extenuating hazards of vehicular accidents need to be farther investigated. From a geometric design analysis point of view, road-widening and general roadway rehabilitation are designed harmonizing to the bing roadway conditions and drainage jobs associated with superelevation is prevailing. Ponding has been recorded and ocular grounds is prevailing in certain countries. The general stormwater design standards should be viewed and analysed otherwise from the Kwazulu-Natal conditions as opposed to the Free-State and Gauteng conditions as the overflow rainfall strength and clip of concentration varies significantly. This survey will sketch and place the undermentioned conditions with specific superelevation standards development on the N3 path: Superelevation standards at steep gradients ( turn overing to cragged terrain ) with reduced/sharp horizontal curves ; Drain jobs associated with superelevation ; Flow waies on route surfaces due to superelevation ; and Speed and Vehicle kineticss at crisp horizontal curves. Steep classs at crisp horizontal curves presents a unsafe state of affairs for traffic. The two scenarios where this status is prevailing is at broken-back curves on cragged terrain ( Van Reenen ‘s Pass specifically and other identified countries ) with multi-lane, 2-way roads ( whether it is divided or undivided ) and/or high velocity downgrade at/before perpendicular droop curves. At these locations, the perplexing factors of vehicle â€Å" off-tracking † , pavement incline ( crossfall ) , and pavement clash tests the drivers ability to supply right vehicle positioning without compromising control of the vehicle. It has besides been recorded that air current has been a cause of accidents as the vehicles can non ‘grip ‘ onto the roadway ( particularly at ‘Windy Corner ‘ on the Van Reenen ‘s Pass. From old design considerations, accident-related jobs have arisen where, as a consequence of Reconstruction, bing main roads have been rebuilt utilizing the 8 % -10 % superelevation rates in conformity with current guidelines. The rate of superelevation development is nevertheless non reviewed or adjusted.Research methodological analysisThe research attack has a both qualitative and quantitative attack. The theoretical research will consist of mathematical analysis with mold and simulation. The current geometric design guidelines for rural roads ( TRH 17 and SANRAL ‘s Geometric Guidelines ) will be used as base certification for values in the research input. Case survey subdivisions of the N3 will be decided upon and N3TC, SANRAL and the DoT ( both national and provincial ) will be informed of the research survey. Data aggregation and statistical information will be sourced from the relevant governments with anterior consent. This research would necessitate: the reappraisal of current design guidelines ; the development of an action program to accomplish the research objectives ; the aggregation of statistical informations ( from SANRAL, N3TC, etc ) and other relevant information ; elaborate ocular appraisal and rating of the roadway subdivision ; Falling Weight Deflection ( FWD ) measurings will be performed at 50m intervals instead on the left and right exterior wheel paths along the subdivision identified ; rut and siting quality measurings will be measured in both wheel waies every bit good as texture deepness along the outside wheel way as portion of the FWD measurings ; Measurements of the stormwater sheet flow overflow deepnesss will be measured utilizing conventional agencies ; vehicle kineticss will be physically and theoretically analysed ; the rating of the effects of assorted options contextualized in geometric design guidelines and campaigner standards taking into consideration the CSD attack ; and the readying of extenuating hazards, route safety steps and concluding geometric design standards for superelevation, drainage demands taking into consideration the velocity and vehicle kineticss at sharp/reduced horizontal curves. The accident studies sourced by SANRAL/N3TC/DoT ‘s archives will be of import for the research survey. The possible restrictions could be the hold in recovering these accident studies and ocular appraisals will be carried out as an option.Research aimsThe aim of this research is to: analyse the velocity and vehicle kineticss at crisp horizontal curves ; develop drainage criterias for flow waies or deepnesss on route surfaces due to superelevation ; develop superelevation standards for steep classs on crisp horizontal curves by placing and analysing drainage jobs associated ; design safe roads from a geometric design point of view by taking factors such as clip, cost, quality, CSD into consideration ; and develop an independent package tool to help geometric interior decorators and governments in the civil technology industry. It is noted that other standards associated with the design of horizontal curves such as tangent-to-curve passages, the demand for paving broadening, and minimal curve radii would besides be considered in the development of the standards. The standards will be based on quantitative informations obtained from theoretic considerations and simulations and verified by existent field observation. The identified countries for the existent field observations will be done by going the path and monitoring of the N3. Accident statistics will be indispensable as fact-finding mention for the background of the research survey.Plan of research activitiesActivityThe activities to set about the research proposal will be to: expand literature survey ; collate statistical informations ; get permission for design informations from confer withing technology houses and SANRAL/N3TC/DoT archives ; coordinate with SANRAL/N3TC with regard to experimental countries identified ; analyse the design guidelines ( geometric and drainage ) for rural roads ; fix the roadway mold and simulation for the assorted superelevation standards taking into consideration the drainage demands and vehicle kineticss ; Analyse the sheet flow way ( hydraulic analysis ) for the drainage demands ( perpendicular class versus route width – at sharp/reduced horizontal curves ) – the Rational Method will be used ; Investigate the CSD of route rehabilitation undertakings in relation to geometric design considerations for future route rehabilitation and major building undertakings ( It is noted that the De Beer ‘s Pass will be constructed as an option to the Van Reenen ‘s Pass ) ; Analyse research findings and observations utilizing relevant package ; Synthesize the research findings, observations and consequences ; and Write the study.TimeframeThis research would take 18 months to finish.Potential end productsThe possible end products for the research survey will be to: Reduce or increase the superelevation values or rates, dependent on research end products, with regard to vehicle kineticss and roadway breadths ; Analyse the drainage flow waies as superelevation rates or values in relation to the drainage demands and vehicle kineticss will find the standards to be adopted for safe driver conditions ; The velocity versus vehicle kineticss analysis at crisp or decreased horizontal curves will supply suited guidelines for future rehabilitation and road-widening undertakings ; CSD findings and observations to be adopted in future route rehabilitation and major Reconstruction undertakings ; and Produce an independent package plan which will be exhaustively researched, tested and developed as a tool for geometric interior decorators and governments in the civil technology industry. This package can be integrated utilizing current technology package utilised by confer withing technology service suppliers, authorities establishments and assorted organisations will be investigated.Research resultsThe result of this research will help design advisers in finding a much easier and safer design attack to plan rehabilitation, road-widening and major building undertakings, by placing job countries and supplying appropriate design values. The recommended standards would be documented in the concluding study and besides presented in a signifier that could be used by assorted governments. Presentations will be made at national and international conferences, seminars or symposiums associating to geometric design of roads. Workshops and talks will be conducted or presented through educational institutes, CESA and other governments in the civil technology industry. The research survey will be published as an article in transit diaries and the research sum-up will be published in several magazines. I am of the sentiment that I envisage national acclamation for the research and part of the research outputs to constructing the cognition base in South Africa.Key mentions and certification11.1 Governments, Institutes and other beginning of mentionDepartment of Transport ( National and Provincial ) ( DoT ) Road Traffic Management Corporation ( Pty ) Ltd ( RTMC ) South African National Roads Agency Limited ( SANRAL ) N3 Toll Concession ( Pty ) Ltd ( N3TC ) Council for Scientific and Industrial Research ( CSIR ) Transport Research Board ( TRB ) American Society for Civil Engineers ( ASCE ) Consulting Engineers South Africa ( CESA ) Durban University of Technology ( DUT ) University of Stellenbosch ( SUN ) Aurecon SA ( Pty Ltd ( AURECON ) WSP SA Civil and Structural Engineers ( WSP ) 3D Compu-Systems ( 3DCS )11.2 Design Guidelines and StandardsTechnical Recommendations for Highways ( TRH 17 – Geometric Design of Rural Roads – Draft 1988 ) SANRAL Geometric Design Guidelines SANRAL Drainage Manual ( 5th Edition – to the full revised ) Design of Highway Drainage Manual ( FHWA-TS-79-225 ) AASHTO – A Policy on the Geometric Design of Highways and Streets 5th Edition ( 2004 )