Lean Operations – Dell

Lean Operations Today – Case of Dell Computers Co. – [pic] Instructor: C. Liassides Thessaloniki, 18/5/10 City College, Business 2ab Spring Semester Lean Operations Today – Case of Dell Computers Co. – A corporation is a living organism; it has to continue to shed its skin. Methods have to change. Focus has to change. Values have to change. The sum total of those changes is transformation. ~Andrew Grove There is nothing so useless as doing efficiently that which should not be done at all. ~Peter F. Drucker AbstractAs the lean manufacturing philosophy has gained a lot of attention in the modern industry, this paper will analyze some basic concepts of lean operations and the importance of â€Å"Lean Thinking† in a competitive market. However, besides providing its advantages, the paper will have a close look at some most common managerial mistakes in implementing lean operations. Furthermore, through the real life case of Dell Company we will see how lean operations operate in practice and what difficulties may arise. – Table of Contents – Introduction3Literature Review – Lean Operations3 Dell – Lean to the Bone6 Conclusion8 Reference List9 Appendix11 Figure 111 Introduction For the last few decades there has been a great talk about lean operations. Many companies have decided to implement lean operations as a result of the global competition and the shift from batch production to more personalized, individual production. However, even though the system promises numerous advantages, companies out there still fail to get the best out of it and in most cases experience various losses.The reason for such misfortune lies in the superficial examination of lean operations. To be more straightforward, one thing is to talk about it, and one thing is to implement it. Therefore, throughout the paper we will discus the basic concept of lean operations and some components of lean operations that managers usually tend to oversee. Furthermore, based on the real life company, Dell Computers, we will see what lean means in practice, what are its biggest advantages, but also what are its disadvantages and how it might suffer in the future. Literature Review – Lean OperationsIt all started after the WWII when the competitive Japanese market was recovering from the war crises. At that time the economy was experiencing raw material leakage, fluctuating customer’s demand, and no capital for automation. The need for a different production approach was necessity (Percy and Rich, 2004). The fist ones with a different production approach were Eiji Toyado and Taiichi Ohno of Toyota Motor Company who developed a lean production system ( i. e. Toyota Production System or TPS) or differently known as Just-In-Time (JIT) system (Stuart and Boyle, 2007).The system was nothing secret. It meant find the waste, eliminate the waste, have trucks deliver parts moments before they're needed (no inventor y), and know the demand (Levans, 2006). Further on, as the manufacturing industry grew, many different elements and techniques had started to adding up to the definition of lean, including six-sigma quality, visual display, defect prevention, one-piece flow, Kanban, setup time reduction, quality at source, just-in-time supply, preventative maintenance, value analysis and value stream mapping, etc. (Stuart and Boyle, 2007). According to Womack et al. 1990), depending on the type of manufacturing process, lean includes all these practices, but in different degrees of importance and intensity. Nevertheless, lean system as an operational system also has to manage on how to integrate all the those elements so they can fit and work together in order to attain waste reduction, production and quality improvement, as well as high workforce engagement (Stuart and Boyle, 2007). Regarding to Womack and Jones (1996), this integration of elements in a working cell that reduces waste, improves pro ductivity and quality, and enforces workforce engagements is called: â€Å"Lean Thinking†.Therefore, based on the success of processes used at Toyota, Womack and Jones (1996), proposes five key principles of the lean enterprise approach (see appendix, Figure 1) (Carnes and Hedin, 2005). The fist principle is called Value Stream Mapping (VSM). It is the process of â€Å"mapping the material and information flows of all components and sub-assemblies in a value stream that includes manufacturing, suppliers and distribution to the customer† (Seth and Gupta, 2005; p. 44). Once, we have mapped all wasteful activities[1] we can start the process of elimination of those activities in every value stream (Percy and Rich, 2004).The third principle is making the value flow run constantly (Carnes and Hedin, 2005). In other words, avoiding batch production and inventory queues by keeping things moving. According to Percy and Rich (2004), this is usually done by using modular designs , cellular working, general purpose machines, quick changeovers, multi-skilled operators, etc. The forth principle is basing flow on customer demand (pull). This principle is founded on the Kanban or differently, Work Flow Control system which states that materials are released into production only when the customer demands them ( i. e. nly when needed) (Percy and Rich, 2004). Finally, the fifth principle implies continuous improvement and pursue of perfection (Carnes and Headin, 2004). However, according to Professional Engineering (2005) this is just the first step in the lean process. The important thing is how to â€Å"make it stick† over a long period of time. Regarding to Professional Engineering (2005) the problem is that the companies nowadays are too static. After they implement lean operations, they tend to â€Å"sit† and wait for the things to happen. However, what Vasilash (2000) points out, lean operations are like a â€Å"journey with no end† (p. 3 ). In order to get the positive results, companies need to be constantly committed to the lean operations that they are running. There is no such a thing as â€Å"Whew! We are done. Thank God it’s over. † As Vasilash (2000) states: â€Å"it is never over† – or if it is, than our implementation of lean operations was of no use. But besides being continuous, a company in order to be lean has to have â€Å"lean workforce† (Carnes and Hedin, 2004). This is the part of lean where the importance of management infrastructure comes in place. According to Vasilash (2000), lean is a behavior rather than a product.How a particular machine is being used and weather the machine is lean, depends primarily on the management infrastructure (the way that the manager organizes his workers). For example, if we put our grandmother behind an extra hi-tack computer that can do a billion things at the same time is not the same as if we would have a computer scientist. In the first case we would get much less machine utilization than in the second one. Therefore, we can say that it is the manager and the workers are the ones that makes the process lean. At the same time, it is not true that machines are unimportant.It is just that people within an organization are fundamental part of lean operations. Regarding to Vasilash (2000), comparing to products, information, supplier/customer, and process flow, management/trust and people are weighted as more important ( e. g. 50% comparing to 1. 6, 1. 8, etc. ). Moreover, Vasilash (2000) continues and states that before we start the process of implementation the fist thing that we should consider doing is building trust among the workers and managers and have them functionally organized. It is almost impossible to perform kaizen (Process/Flow) without considering management/trust and people.However, organizing workforce, building trust and commitment is not an easy thing to do. In other words, it is one of t he biggest problems of lean operations (Percy and Boyle, 2005). Regarding to Carnes and Hedin (2004), numerous companies worldwide experience the problem of employees and management resistance. These resistances come from lack of upper management support, poor employee training, resistance to change, etc. After all, we are not all Japanese. Dell – Lean to the Bone As we have already mentioned in the introduction – One thing is to talk about lean operations, and another is to implement them.Therefore, the following discussion will focus on how some major world corporations, such as Dell, have managed to successfully implement lean operations and get the best out of it. Back in 1984, the founder of Dell Computers Company, Michael Dell, came up with an extraordinary and amazing idea: Selling PCs directly to consumers, avoiding retail stores and limiting customer support, thus offering radically lower prices than the competitors (Kharif, 2005). Soon afterwards, the company grew at an amazing speed becoming a multibillion company and a leader in the industry (Chopra and Sodhi, 2004).However, what actually has made the company a leader in the industry is the implication of its â€Å"Direct† approach, mostly being based on the Toyota Production System (TPS). The company takes orders directly and than builds product according to the order (Kharif, 2005). According to Breen and Aneiro (2004), in order to make the built-to-order process run smoothly, Dell relies on its unique supply chain systems. As the orders come directly form the customers (demand pull), Dell is able to know the exact demand for a particular product at any operating market and thus alert the suppliers.The way it alerts the suppliers is by connecting all suppliers and suppliers’ suppliers together, so when the information about sold product arrives, everybody is dealing with it (Pritchard, 2002). By doing this, the company manages to keep its inventory level at the lowest possible points. As Michel Dell argues, when dealing with inventory it is all about flow (Pritchard, 2002). Manufacturing plant in Limerick, Ireland is one of the rare hyper-efficient factories in the world.Regarding to Breen and Aneiro (2004), it has no warehouse, assembles nearly 70,000 computers every 24 hours, has two hours of inventory in its factories, and a maximum of just 72 hours across its entire operation. In other words, by keeping its stock for as little time as possible, the company manages to keep costs to the minimum and makes sure that the customer gets the brand new parts. Furthermore, other characteristics of the Dell business model that goes along with the TPS are employee commitment and continuous improvement (Pritchard, 2002) A key part in the organization is people.According to (inside) â€Å"Dell has a highly skilled workforce and puts a strong emphasis on education. † (p. 16). As a result, workers show more pride in the quality of their work and are w illing to share ideas for further improvements (Kharif, 2005). Therefore, since there exists great employee commitment; continuous improvement in order to gain competitive advantage becomes unproblematic task. Regarding to Pritchard (2002), Dell is constantly working on improving its production process. One of the newer innovations is Dell’s PC cases that do not require any screws (snap shot system).This system simplifies assembly and at the same time improves reliability. At the end we can see that even though the Dell’s Direct Model is based on the TPS, it takes it to the new level. Its financial model is the company’s most powerful weapon on the market. The model creates a â€Å"cash-convention† cycle of 36 negative days by receiving payments from customers right away through credit cards the company is able to pull products directly form the supplier and builds and ships the product within 4 days (Breen and Aneiro, 2004). In other words, Dell is able finance its operation costs through suppliers.Another important aspect of the Direct Model is the management of supply-chain risk. Dell minimizes delay-related risk by using high-cost air transportation to deliver important parts from Far East, while for less expensive parts keeps some inventory that is shipped from the US on the regular basis. Moreover, Dell has some high-value suppliers in Asia on which it can rely on when needed (Breen and Aneiro, 2004). However, nowadays, there are too many academics out there suggesting that the Dell’s Direct Model is actually in crisis. They argue that it may no longer be an asset, but become a liability.One of such critics of the model is Berry Zellen (2004) who states that the biggest problem in Dell model is that the company is forgetting the basics of lean operations. As the years go on and the competition increase, the system is getting more and more complex which may result in terrible consequences. According to Gottfredson and As pinall (2005), in 70% of lean cases with an increase in complexity meant rising costs and hindering the profit growth. The catch is either to keep things simple and target what customers actually need or to raise the prices. In Dell’s case the company is doing exactly what it should not.It increases the complexity but keeps the prices low (Zellen, 2004). This managerial move according to Zellen (2004) may have a detrimental effect on the company’s further growth. The reason why is because slowly in the USA (Dell’s biggest market) computers are becoming a commodity (e. g. Apple) and the market is moving on to the new level leaving all non-followers in a horrible financial struggle. Conclusion As we have seen so far, the bottom line of lean operations is: have flexible technology, break down operations to the basic elements, frequent materials movements, speed, and most importantly Simplicity.Without simplicity, companies like Dell that once where the leaders of l ean operations are expected to experience some profit losses in the near future. The reason is that the company has forgone some of the basic principles of the lean philosophy – Constant Improvement and Keeping things Simple.

Analysis of Barclays Bank Essay

Introduction The process of restructuring the telecommunication sector truly got under way in Cameroon in June 1995, when the authorities decided thoroughly to reform network industry sectors such as water, electricity and telecommunications with a view to creating a favourable environment in which to develop their infrastructure and services and thus to satisfy increasingly exigent demand. The process took the form of liberalization, State withdrawal from the sectors concerned and the establishment of a  market structure enabling Cameroon to remain in step with the especially rapid global developments in the telecommunication sector; indeed, in spite of the investments made, the coverage rate and quality of service offered had remained largely inadequate. The process was carried out not only by defining the conditions and mechanisms liable to guarantee the sector’s opening to private initiative, but also by enacting regulations and taking measures intended to enable the sector to play t he decisive role incumbent on it in Cameroon’s economic development. Telecommunication sector reform in Cameroon is not limited to the establishment of new regulations and legislation, to the revision of the institutional framework and the establishment of an interconnection regime or to the introduction of competition. It should also comprise bringing behaviour in line with the times. One of our chief concerns is therefore also effective application of the regulations with a view to fulfilling the universal service obligation, ensuring consumer protection and providing for effective and appropriate regulation of true competition. The acquisition of the required know-how is the biggest challenge we face. The institutional players on Cameroon’s telecommunications scene are, as in many other African countries, of the opinion that any society that delays in jumping on the NTIC train will remain mired in a state of underdevelopment. Observations Background Before 1990, as in most African countries, telecommunication services were managed by a national publicly-owned monopoly. The administration in charge of telecommunications set the rules, ensured they were applied and was itself an operator. The results did not always live up to expectations. In June 1990, the President of the Republic signed the order on the programme to privatize public and semi-public enterprises. The telecommunication sector was added to the programme in June 1995. In July 1998, law 98/014 governing telecommunications in Cameroon (the Telecommunications Act) was promulgated. It established the Telecommunication Regulatory Agency and attributed sector responsibilities to a variety of players: the operation of  telecommunication networks to operators, regulatory matters, i.e. application of the rules and supervision of operators, to a regulatory body, the definition of sector policy and the enactment of market regulations to the telecommunication administration. In September of the same year, two public enterprises, CAMTEL for the fixed telephone service and CAMTEL MOBILE for the mobile telephone service, were set up to take over the telecommunication activities of the Ministry of Post and Telecommunications and of the public enterprise INTELCAM, which was in charge of operating and developing international telecommunication installations. The Telecommunication Regulatory Agency was set up at the  same time. Immediately after, the sale of a mobile telephone licence and the process of privatizing CAMTEL and CAMTEL MOBILE got under way. In June 1999, a mobile telephone licence was granted to a private enterprise. The privatization of CAMTEL MOBILE was completed in February 2000. The privatization of CAMTEL is not yet complete. A third mobile telephone licence is to be issued. In less than two years, the sector has undergone sweeping change. Suffice it to mention one indicator: in January 2000 there was one mobile telephone operator with about 5 000 subscribers; on 31 March 2001 there were two operators with over 140 000 subscribers. This rapid and in-depth transformation is taking place within a constantly improving legal framework. II A liberal legal framework The development of new technologies and liberalization have permitted access to new telecommunication services which, depending on their specific natures, require appropriate regulation. The Telecommunications Act sets forth a new regulatory framework, opening the telecommunication sector to competition. The framework, which distinguishes between public and private networks, provides for three legal arrangements: concessions, authorizations  and declarations. 1 Concessions The State can grant one or several public or private corporate bodies all or part of its rights to establish and/or operate telecommunication networks. The concession is subject to strict compliance with the requirements set forth in a list of terms and conditions. This arrangement allows the State not only to keep a watchful eye on the harmonious development of modern telecommunication infrastructure, but also and above all to heighten its control over the development and supply of the basic services and facilities us ually demanded by the majority of users. 2 Authorizations The arrangement of prior authorization applies to the establishment and/or operation of telecommunication networks by physical persons or corporate bodies with a view to providing the public with a basic telecommunication service, a value-added service, a bearer service or any other service by using one or several radio frequencies. A list of terms and conditions containing the requirements to be met is attached to the licence issued to the bearer of a prior authorization. The authorization is issued for a fixed period and can be withdrawn under certain circumstances. 3 Declarations Declarations apply to the establishment of private internal networks, low-range and low-capacity private independent networks (that are not radio networks), low-range and low-capacity radio installations (to be determined  by the Administration), and the provision to the public of telecommunication services other than those subject to the arrangements of concession and authorization. Telecommunication terminal equipment is either freely provided or subject to type-approval. Certain provisions of the Telecommunications Act are detailed in decrees and implementing legislation. We shall not examine all of them here; indeed, some of them are still being drafted. The reform in Cameroon established the separation between the regulatory and operating functions. It works in favour of operators being entities controlled by private capital. The general framework for competition is governed by legislation on competition. The legal framework is supplemented by institutions. III 1 A revised institutional framework The telecommunication administration Spectrum management and the legislation and regulations relating to telecommunications are the exclusive domain of the State. The telecommunication administration has been invested, on behalf of the government, with general jurisdiction over the sector. It sets the general regulatory framework. It therefore establishes and implements telecommunication sector policy, whose aim must be to safeguard the missions of public service, to promote harmonious network development throughout the national territory and effective private sector participation in the sector’s wealth and employment-generating activities, and to ensure compliance by all operators with the applicable treaties, laws and regulations. In addition, the administration supervises the telecommunication sector, oversees public telecommunication enterprises, represents the State at international telecommunication-related organizations and events, and manages the radio spectrum on behalf of the State. The Telecommunication Regulatory Agency, which technically answers to the telecommunication administration, is the specialized body in charge of  facilitating actual application of the regulations issued. 2 The Telecommunication Regulatory Agency The organization of the Telecommunication Regulatory Agency established by the Telecommunications Act is set forth in decree No. 98/197 of 8 September 1998. The Agency has three main duties: – to ensure the regulations are implemented; – to guarantee respect for the regulations and the exercise of competition; – to settle certain disputes between operators. The Agency’s regulatory authority is subject to performance of the following activities: – definition of the principles governing tariffs for services; – examination of requests for authorization and declaration and of type-approval files for terminal equipment to be connected to public networks; – establishment of principles for calculating interconnection costs; – establishment and management of numbering plans; – management of the frequencies attributed to telecommunications; – submission to the government of proposals aimed at developing and modernizing the sector; – opinions on draft legislative and regulatory texts concerning telecommunications; – control and penalties for infractions. The Agency is specifically competent to settle disputes concerning interconnection, access to a public network, numbering, cases of harmful interference, and sharing of infrastructure. The Telecommunications Act provides the Agency with a quasi-judicial body and an arbitration procedure can be set in motion should one or the other of the parties be opposed. The parties remain free to bring their case before the competent court. IV Human resources Human resources are the key to management and progress, for they have knowledge, that rarest of economic commodities in the 21st century. The current transition from a monopoly environment to that of controlled competition has given rise to new demands in terms of basic knowledge and know- how in telecommunication regulation. Telecommunication leaders and staff in Cameroon were still dealing with the transition from analogue to digital when circuit switching was suddenly replaced by packet switching. This recent change has reshaped the concept and definition of telecommunication networks and services. Everything must therefore be done to make sure the human resources acquire the skills they need for their own development and that of companies, which create wealth for the well-being of peoples. The Ecole Nationale Supà ©rieure des Postes et Tà ©là ©communications, an independent facility run by the Ministry of Post and Telecommunications, provides basic instruction in telecommunications and ICT to technicians (technical and operating staff), supervising technicians (operating technicians and supervisors) and senior technical managers (works engineers and operating inspectors). It plans to organize standing professional certification for the staff of public and private enterprises and of the public administrations in charge of telecommunications and ICT. V International cooperation Cameroon has always been present and active in regional and international telecommunication organizations. It is a member of the Administrative Councils of both the African Telecommunication Union (ATU) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). It has had very few bilateral exchanges of experience and information with other African countries. The ineffectiveness of regional (ATU) and subregional organizations (CAPTAC) has precluded the launch at subregional level of cooperation activities aimed at developing telecommunications in Cameroon. At the international level, ITU  has not been closely involved in telecommunication sector reform. In the past eight years, it has provided some technical assistance but otherwise almost no support for telecommunication development projects in Cameroon, possibly because the Area Office in Yaoundà © is not functioning. The capacities of the Area Office in Yaoundà © should be reinforced. Its main duties should be: – To disseminate ITU documents and information in the area. For this, it should have the means required to provide the documentation centres of the main players in each of the area’s countries with the documents and books needed to acquire knowledge in telecommunications and ICT, for most of the sector’s African managers will have to teach themselves. In this respect, hard as opposed to electronic copies remain invaluable in Africa.

A Breath of Fresh Air

It is common knowledge that second hand smoke is extremely dangerous for your health and even more dangerous to infants and children. Exposure to second hand smoke causes 150,000 to 300,000 acute lower respiratory tract infections (pneumonia and bronchitis) annually in children 18 months and younger; these infections result in 7,500 to 15,000 hospitalizations each year. Second hand smoke exposure causes buildup of fluid in the middle of the ear, resulting in childhood operations and of childhood hearing loss. A California EPA study estimates that 46,000 (range is between 22,700 and 69,600) cardiovascular deaths, 3400 lung cancer deaths and 430 sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) deaths are annually associated with second hand smoke exposure. 1 Many children are essentially forced to breathe in toxic fumes and particulates due to their parents’, siblings’, and surrounding elders’ poor choices. Enforcing stricter smoking laws and regulations can drastically help the effects second hand smoke causes in children’s health. â€Å"Choice† is a key word and the children do not have one. It is up to us, as responsible adults, to protect them and give them a healthy living environment for them to grow and develop in. Second- hand smoke, side-stream smoke or passive smoke can affect anyone near it, including innocent children which are sometimes overlooked. Infants and young children are especially susceptible since their lungs are still developing and childhood exposure to second hand smoke results in decreased lung function. Children who breathe second hand smoke are more likely to suffer from cough, wheeze, phlegm and breathlessness. There are many ways we can help protect them with simple changes in the way we live today. While Environmental Tobacco Smoke exposure, otherwise known as ETS, is on the decline in California due to increased public awareness of its harmful effects, smoking in vehicles still poses a very real threat to vehicle occupants, especially children. Smoking can cause respirable suspended particle, otherwise known as RSP, and CO levels in cars to reach high levels when the windows are open or closed. Recent research from the Harvard School of Public Health has shown that ETS in cars can reach levels comparable to smoky bars or restaurants. In addition, smoke can settle on car surfaces, including child safety seats, making it possible for children to pick up ETS with their fingers, which they may place in their mouths, causing them to ingest ETS particles. In fact, next to workplaces, homes and cars are considered the most unhealthy places in terms of ETS exposure, again particularly for children. One step that we have made in the right direction towards car air quality for children, is Article 2. 5 Smoking in Motor Vehicles 118947, the Marco Firebaugh Memorial Children’s Health and Safety Act of 2007, otherwise known as the â€Å"Smoke Free Cars† law. It was enforced as of January 1st 2008 and states that it is unlawful for a person to smoke a pipe, cigar, or cigarette in a motor vehicle, whether in motion or at rest, in which there is a minor. A violation of this section is an infraction punishable by a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars for each violation. Even though this new law is a great start to shielding children’s health problems from second hand smoke, there are still things that can be changed within this same law to maximize its power. For instance, this law states that a law enforcement officer shall not stop a vehicle for the sole purpose of determining whether the driver is in violation of this article. This part of the act should be changed, giving law enforcement the power to stop a vehicle just to determine whether a violation is taking place so that this law can have more of an impact. This act also punishes the violators by placing a fine of no more than one hundred dollars for each violation. I feel that this punishment is not enough and should be raised to a higher fine of at least two hundred and fifty dollars per offense with the ability for the fine amount to increase with each following offense. Higher penalties for the violation of this law would help make people understand the severity of their actions and hopefully change their habits. An act to amend Sections 19994. 30 and 19994. 33 of Part 2. 6 of Division 5 of the Government Code relating to tobacco, states that no public employee or member of the public shall smoke any tobacco product inside a public building, or in an outdoor area within twenty feet of a main exit, entrance, or operable window of a public building. When walking up to a building with people smoking twenty feet from the entrance, the presence of smoke is still very strong and apparent to almost anyone walking through it. Twenty feet from an entrance, exit, or operable window to a building is still too close for people to be smoking without risking second hand smoke effects. The current Surgeon General’s Report states that there is no risk-free level of second hand smoke exposure. Even brief exposures can be harmful to children. If this distance were to be changed to twice the amount, it would allow for a larger pathway to enter or exit a building without having to suffer from exposure we are currently bare to under the current law of only twenty feet. Another part of today’s law that should be revisited and updated is the current smoking age. The California law for buying tobacco products (cigarettes) is eighteen. up the habit before the age of twenty-one. 5 Raising the required age to purchase cigarettes to twenty-five would greatly shrink the potential dangers of having ignorant and uneducated smokers poisoning others around them. Being eighteen years of age does not necessarily mean you can make adult decisions. Besides raising the legal smoking age, doing things like demanding television channels to air more anti-smoking ads, like the truth commercials, or just airing the anti-smoking ads more frequently during prime time hours would decrease the current smoker numbers and prevent future smokers from picking up the dangerously addictive habit and in turn, damaging children’s health due to second hand smoke. Education is the best deterrent to preventing smokers to smoke and potential smokers to start. Although we can cut down on children’s contact to second hand smoke in and around public buildings and now even in vehicles, there is still the huge problem of the second hand smoke that is inhaled by children in their own home. The National Survey on Environmental Management of Asthma and Children’s Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (NSEMA/CEE) (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2004) has found that 11% of children aged 6 years and under are exposed to ETS in their homes on a regular basis (4 or more days per week) compared to 20% in the 1998 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and that parents are responsible for 90% of children’s exposure to ETS. Children face a higher risk than adults of the negative effects of secondhand smoke. Not only is a childs body still developing physically, but their breathing rate is faster than that of adults. Adults breathe in and out approximately 14 to 18 times a minute, where newborns can breathe as many as 60 times a minute. Up until a child is about 5 years old, the respiratory rate is quite fast; usually between 20 and 60 breaths per minute. When the air is tainted with cigarette smoke, young, developing lungs receive a higher concentration of inhaled toxins than do older lungs. 6 To cut down on children involuntarily inhaling second hand smoking in the home, a new law should be passed making it illegal to smoke in your house, apartment, condo, trailer, etc. if there are children living there. Cigarette smoking should only be permitted outdoors on the porch or balcony with the door and windows closed and the person smoking being of no less than forty feet from the entrance, exit, or windows. Harsh fines should be put into action if parents, siblings, family members or even babysitters decide to smoke indoors with children currently living there. With these laws into place we can protect our children and give them a much stronger chance of living a long healthy life. One great law that the Government has implemented in order to reduce the appeal of smoking and the risks of second hand smoke, chiefly dwindling the amount of smokers in the United States, is the taxes on tobacco. In California, due to proposition 10, every pack of cigarettes sold has an automatic eighty-seven cent tax attached to it. California is ranked 30th among all fifty states when it comes to cigarette taxes, where as New Jersey is ranked number one, with a $2. 7 tax added to each pack sold. The more taxes added to tobacco purchases the more money there will be present for paying for health and smoking-cessation programs. Tobacco products are taxed by the Tobacco Products Surtax, which is currently 46. 7% of the cost of the product. Tobacco products include cigars, unrolled tobacco, snuff, chewing tobacco, and any other product, which contains 50 percent tobacco or more. The California State Board of Equalization determines the annual surtax rate. Proposition 86 would amend the state constitution by raising the tax on cigarettes in California an additional $2. 64 per pack above the current cost of about $4. 00 a pack, effectively raising the cost of a pack of cigarettes to close to $7. 00. The Board of Equalization is required by state law to increase taxes on other tobacco products in an amount equivalent to any increase in the tax on cigarettes. Prop. 86, therefore, would increase the excise tax on other tobacco products. Proposition 86 ould likely increase excise tax revenues for about $2. 1 billion annually in 2007-08. 7 Unfortunately proposition 86 did not pass and cigarettes in California only have an eight-seven cent tax on them. Making cigarettes unaffordable is a great way to reduce the number of tobacco consumers however the taxes should be steeper in order to effectively lessen cigarette purchases. If this higher tax would be implemented, there would be fewer and fewer smokers, which makes for lesser and lesser second hand smoke. With all the new rules and regulations enforced; smoke free cars, extending the distance of smoking by entryway, increasing the age to purchase cigarettes, prohibiting smoking in the home with children living there, and the increased taxes on cigarettes, innocent bystanders will remarkably suffer less then they do now by second hand smoke. Ignorance today is causing children to experience asthma, and even die from SIDS. The changes that I have proposed in the laws could help people decide to quit smoking or at the very least be smarter about where, how, and who they smoke around. Though refraining from smoking may not be easy because it is extremely addictive, the best solution to ending second hand smoke is to convince the public to quit. â€Å"If you can’t quit for yourself, quit for your kids. Kids of parents who smoke are more likely to start smoking themselves when they get older. † If you can’t quit, at least don’t smoke inside your home or your car or other places that your children will be directly exposed to the smoke. 8 The most important thing is that we keep educating ourselves on smoking safety for us and those around us also, focusing on the risks we are taking every time we decide to smoke a cigarette.

The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Essay

The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Essay Example The WISC-III was standardized on a representative sample in North America based on U.S.A. census data for 1988 (N = 2,200) (Canivez, Neitzel, & Martin, 2005). The sample was stratified across age, gender, ethnicity, geographical region, parental occupation, and urban-rural residency (Kaplan & Saccuzzo, 2001). A four-factor model of index score is widely supported (i.e., Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Organization, Freedom from Distractibility, and Processing Speed) (Canivez, Neitzel, & Martin, 2005). The WISC-III has high internal consistency for all three IQ scores and the four factors, ranging from .80 to .97 (Canivez, Neitzel, & Martin, 2005; Kaplan & Saccuzzo, 2001). This reflects the 11 subtests (Symbol Search and Coding excluded) reported moderate to excellent internal consistencies, of .61 to .92 (Kaplan & Saccuzzo, 2001). Split-half reliabilities for the three IQs in 1991 were found to be .96 (FSIQ), .95 (VIQ), and .91 (PIQ) (Kaplan & Saccuzzo, 2001). Standard errors of measurement for FISQ, VIQ and PIQ average at 3.20, 3.53, and 4.54 respectively (Kaplan & Saccuzzo, 2001).

Reading and Thought Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reading and Thought - Essay Example I agree with Macdonald that there is great amount of unexceptional all around us, though he doesn’t take into account the technological world, students and society’s lifestyle today. Modern society has a varied ways of providing information at a close range. This is through the use of laptops, tablets or smartphones. Technology has provided the cyber space that provides to accessibility of abundance of news anywhere both internationally and locally. When thinking of anything or any news accessed through the internet, this defines things that impact positively and negatively to the ethics of the society. This is termed as the globes’ unaffected literary works that can be sort through search engines. This helps in finding internet sources that are most relevant to the topics. For instance, when a prospective car buyer searches the web to find dealers to buy used cars, more than a million results will be found. MacDonald would appreciate the use of search engines since they make internet accessible for useful purposes. The advancement of technology makes access of information easier, and just to the need of the person. Therefore, the nature of the printed ma tter that inundates us daily has a connection to the thought depending on the kid of reading. The thoughts of an individual are directly connected and dependent on the information that the individual reads. The information that someone reads is based on the desires and need that have engulfed at the minds of the individual. Interestingly, the accessibility of the information via internet gives everyone the solution to get his or her needs. In today’s world many vices are considered as part of life. Pornography is becoming a cultural practice and everyone in the world today a brace the norm of watching it. In the click of the worn pornography on the search engines, a myriad of solutions emerge and one can view all sorts of actions

Charge of the Light Brigade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Charge of the Light Brigade - Essay Example Due to the foolishness of youth and the hope of a quick victory, each of us wanted to be a part of the battle that would change the course of this strange yet intense conflict. Sadly, as a youth is so often optimistic, the hopes and dreams of my fellow comrades and I were soon diminished as the war dragged on far longer than any of us ever expected it to. Yet, at last, we were informed by our officers that our very brigade would be making an offensive maneuver. Many of us thought that this opportunity was one that had slipped by for far too long and were eager to take place in such an activity. We were informed that the target was a fleeing artillery unit that we could harass and ultimately destroy as a means of improving our countrymen’s position on the field of conflict and seeking to leverage a thorough victory. However, before we set out on the charge, we realized that the position we were attacking was not dismantling and leaving but in fact heavily fortified and well pro visioned. As such, we had one of two choices. Either we could refuse the order and instruct our officers that they had made a fundamental error or we could shoulder our duty and perform it per the requirements that we had been trained. Naturally, as valorous soldiers that sought duty and honor before death, we chose the latter. Sadly, the results of this decision were ultimately terminal for many of the men within my brigade. Withering machine gun fire, constant artillery barrage, and small arms fire defined the charge itself. Even though our men reached the outer perimeters of the defenses towards which we had targeted, the force was so greatly reduced that the effectiveness of this attack was repelled almost immediately. Although many individuals who regard this battle consider this a valorous action, I must say that after having taken part in it, the valor of seeing such a slaughter is somewhat lost upon me. Moreover, the retreat itself was almost as deadly as the advance. The ar tillery, machine guns, and small arms of the Russians did not see their engagement until the point in which we were fully out of range and/or undercover of our own defenses. After the charge, officers, fellow soldiers, newspaper journalists, and individuals around the world held us as heroes. However, it is with a great deal of said that I did not specifically feel myself a hero. Rather, I felt that the men and I within the brigade who had engaged in active foolishness were little more than pawns within the hands of misinformed and rather uncaring officers on the field. It must be stated that even though I have this level of sadness and discussed with regards to the way in which this particular action was carried out, the patriotism that I have towards King and country remain undiminished (Cavendish 53). Instead of viewing this charge as a life altering way of thinking about my patriotic duty, I have instead realized that the military chain of command is oftentimes fundamentally fla wed. Rather than performing checks and ensuring that each and every man could be spared, the arrogance of complete and total control over the battlefield, by specific military commanders such as Maj. Gen. Lord Cardigan, allows such individuals to care little with respect to the trials, tribulations, and ultimate death that their soldiers might face in the field of conflict. Moreover, the officers that reported to Lord Cardigan were naturally fearful of questioning the tactics and providing

Romanesque, Regency, Revival, Early Christian, Baroque, Rococo, Essay - 1

Romanesque, Regency, Revival, Early Christian, Baroque, Rococo, 18thCentury Neoclassicism - Essay Example As with all forms of art and architecture, a desire to see and elaborate upon previous artistic expressions oftentimes encourages architects to engage in movements of revivalism. Within Western civilization, revivalism has been noted within almost each and every single architectural movement in recorded history. For instance, there has been revivalism of postclassical architecture, medieval architecture, Baroque architecture, and a litany of many other more modern forms of architecture. Due to the broad range of revival architecture that exists, this particular analysis will focus specifically on Renaissance revival; sometimes referred to as â€Å"neo-Renaissance†. This developed in and around the 19th century. However, the movement itself is somewhat hard to explain and/or understand due to fact that it oftentimes confuse Renaissance architecture with prior to how he and architecture. Although it many cases these two are one in the same, the fact of the matter is that a blend ing of true Renaissance architecture with prior exhibitions of time and architecture was evidenced throughout the period time. Similarly, with respect to the current exhibition of the neo-Renaissance revival, this author definitively points to the faà §ade of Vladimir. Early Christian architecture is something that is somewhat unique as compared to the other forms of architecture that have been discussed thus far. This is not due to the fact that early Christian architecture exhibits new more interesting interpretations of arts were architecture.

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Philosophy - Essay Example America’s Visions Different continents in the world have dissimilar myths about human identity. For instance, in America, the first story is on Emergence, which states that all human being came from a different world and settled in the one they are currently living. The other world, which is the womb, is considered as the earth mother. This emergence is often referred to as giving birth. The midwife in this case is a female who is like a spider woman. In this emergence story, the male human beings are not featured anywhere. In this case, the formation of human beings is often done in dissimilar stages of growth and change. This is necessitated by inner forces in the womb, and finally the people emerge from a hole and eventually settle in their present homes. The ex nihilo story is found in many cultures, America included, which means â€Å"out of nothing†. Human identity is brought about by the thought of a creator who through his dreams and breath was able to form a hu man being. Through the creator’s bodily secretions, they believed that a being would be formed because of that. This is solely from within the creator who does not exist in the physical world. Another story is the world parent, which describes the union of two parents when they are both disjoined from one another. These two parents are referred to as the Sky and the Earth, which describes the male, and female respectively. ... East Asia In East Asia, and particularly Japan, their vision of human identity was similar to the American and Central Asian cultures. At first, there was chaos, and out of it came light that formed the sky. It later formed the earth. Both the sky and the earth formed various creations and it is at this time that the roots of two people Yang and Yin who were male and female respectively begun to grow in the sky and the earth. At this time both of them were united together and they started separating to create a man and another light brought another person who was like him and he taught him to make clothes to cover himself because he was naked. Another version is of how a bird was sent under the water to create a land inside the water where people can live. The bird then went splashing water apart with its feet at the same time creating the earth when people will live. They believe that their ancestor was a bear because of their hairy bodies. They also believe that two people a male a nd a female were sent to the earth and had a son from where they originated. Australia and the Pacific vision A vision on the Australian myths was about analyzing every animal and its features, which included why the emu has long legs, why the snake has no legs and the reason why the koala has no tail among others. They tell of the formation of the Milky Way and the migration of animals to Australia. They tell of how the first humans came into existence in the continent and how the beginning came into existence. They believed in a wondrous being that went all over the world creating trees, animals and everything in the world and lastly created human beings. African Vision In

Physical Characteristics and Feeding Habits of Greater Flamingo Research Paper

Physical Characteristics and Feeding Habits of Greater Flamingo - Research Paper Example Male attain the full size at the age of one and a half to two years (Whitehouse 2003). Male greater flamingo is slightly bigger in size and therefore weighs more than their female counterparts. Greater flamingo wingspan stretches from 140 to 165cm. Coloration Greater flamingos are pink in color. Red and pink coloration of their feathers are said to be derived from carotenoids which form substantial portion of their diet. Algae and shrimps are rich in carotenoids which after synthesis give the red-pink coloration of the feathers. Flamingo metabolic system is efficient in breaking down the labile compounds found in carotenoids. The coloration for the male and female greater flamingo is same and with the young chicks displaying gray or white feather coloration after hatching. As the chicks grow, they attain grayish feather coloration. P.r.roseus legs and feet are pink-red in color (Johnson & Ce?zilly 2007). Appendages (legs, feet, neck and wings) The legs are longer than their body for mature greater flamingo with the ankle situated about half way up the leg. Their knee is located adjacent to the body and it is normally invisible from outside. Their feet have the three frontward pointing toes and one backward toe also known as hallux. Their toes are webbed to help them with swimming and stirring up food. The greater flamingo legs and feet have the same coloration (Romeu 2004). Their wing span stretches about 140-165 cm with 12 primary flight feathers positioned on either wing. Flight feathers are black in coloration and are normally visible during flight when the wings are stretched. Flamingos are known to have about 19 long cervical bones; this gives them the elongated and winding look. The morphology of the neck allows for greatest movement and twisting of the neck. The head ha eye positioned on both sides. For adult greater flamingo, the eye color is yellow while for juveniles they are white in colour for the first year of growth. Adult greater flamingo is blac k a black bill. The bill has a filter feeding adaptation. The upper and lower mandibles are tilted downwards just after the nostril. Greater flamingo’s upper mandible is light and acts as a cover to the lower one which is large and is like a trough. This allows them to feed on large food particles such as shrimps, brine flies and other molluscs. The exterior part of the bill has tooth-like ridges which help in filtering food particles from water. There are two rows of hair-like or comb-like structures called lamellae on both the upper and lower mandibles. When the two mandibles come together, they form mesh like structure which helps in trapping food particles. P.r.roseus’ tongue is fleshy and large with bristle to allow it filter water and food particles from the lamellae (Whitehouse 2003). Feathers The principal flight feathers are 12 and are situated on either wing. The feathers are easily distinguished from other because they are black and are easily seen during fl ight when the wings are fully stretched. Tail feathers range from 12 to 16 in number. Moulting of the body and wing feathers occur at irregular interval and linked to their breeding series. The greater flamingo whole body is covered by contour feathers leaving out legs and feet which help in protecting the skin from damage and also streamline the body before flight. They spend close to a quarter of

Security on the Web Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Security on the Web - Essay Example Considering all these cons, one must ensure that a good firewall is in place to keep the hackers at an arm’s length, keeping them at bay is an arduous task. This paper will shed light upon internet firewall security and how a good firewall can protect a person from malware, Trojan horses and other undesirable viruses. â€Å"The term "fire wall" originally meant, and still means, a fireproof wall intended to prevent the spread of fire from one room or area of a building to another. The Internet is a volatile and unsafe environment when viewed from a computer-security perspective, therefore "firewall" is an excellent metaphor for network security.† (What is a firewall?) Firewall is not something general, it means several specific things and it is supposed to do several important things to ensure that a user is safeguarded against attacks. Packet filtering is perhaps the most important job of a regular firewall. All the internet activities like downloads, chats and so on a re done in packets, and these packets contain information. Firewall must ensure that these packets are either allowed or disallowed based on the source of the internet protocol address known as the IP address. The destination port of these packets is also very important, the firewall is supposed to allow or disallow these packets purely on the basis of their destination port. Firewall must follow a protocol and allow or disallow packets or information based on the set protocol. This method of packet filtering is highly effective against malware and other dangerous attacks but this is not a foolproof plan. All traffic can be blocked by a firewall which does not make much sense; it should allow certain packets which are safe for the user to receive. It has its weaknesses like it becomes very difficult for a basic firewall to detect spoofing which means the information contained in the packets is falsified. Allowed packets may contain a bug which can retrieve a password and cause unwan ted actions, a basic firewall is vulnerable to these dangers. Circuit relay is another type of firewall which provides enhanced security, application level gateway is perhaps the most advanced of all and provides even better security. Static Packet Filtering: â€Å"Static packet filtering is a firewall and routing capability that provides network packet filtering based only on packet information in the current packet and administrator rules.† (Statistic Packet Filtering) Static packet filtering is based on the following important things: The administrator defines rules. The allowed ports and IP addresses are set by the administrator and only the allowed ports are allowed to send and receive packets. The transport layer contents, the network and the packet contents are all determined by the administrator. Better level of security is provided by the dynamic packet filtering. Static packet filtering does not look at the contents closely, on the contrary dynamic packet filtering screens contents very closely, previous connection states are also considered by dynamic packet filtering which static packet filtering fails to do. The packet headers are very important under static packet filtering, the information stored in the headers determines whether packets should be allowed or dropped. These headers are compared against the control policy which is set by the administrator. Below is an illustration which presents the same concept very comprehensively. (Static Packet Filt

Gothic Cathedral Essay Example for Free

Gothic Cathedral Essay Gothic architecture was developed from a Christian perspective, and therefore attained its most meaningful expression in churches. Clerics began to demand taller churches with more windows than had been present in the dark, but sturdy Romanesque churches. This desire was derived from new intellectual and spiritual concepts that took a more rational view of God, and saw God encompassed many things, such as light, reason and proportion. The Gothic church displayed a visual attempt to leave behind the mysterious world of the Romanesque, and create a setting that was drawn toward light and purity that could be an image of heaven. The middle class also had a great influence on the Gothic style as they desired churches that could reflect their economic power and social status. The most magnificent characteristics of Gothic style were the use of light and relationship between structure and appearance. Other defining characteristics were that the massive thickness of the walls from Romanesque architecture were replaced with membrane-thin frameworks used for enclosure which could support nothing but their own weight. Ribbed vaults were used to allow lighter materials to be placed between stone ribs, thus reducing weight. The weight of the walls and roof were no longer supported by columns, but by external flying buttresses. They also used pointed arches and slender columns to lift the ceiling, which created an overwhelming height. Wall paintings, which had been common in the Romanesque, were now replaced with beautiful and enormous stained glass windows that allowed more light into the structures, imbuing all with a sense of warmth and color. Chartres Cathedral-Interior Chartres CathedralInterior The cathedral at Chartres was built during the Gothic period, and it showed an ideal of harmony within its structure and contents. Work on the cathedral started in 1194, and was mostly completed in 1220. It emphasizes strong vertical lines in its structure. The stained glass windows that are used in this cathedral, (it has 176), are recognized as the finest example from the gothic style. Today, 94% of the stained glass is original, and it is the largest, most extensive collection of medieval glass in the world. Rose windows were used. The primary subject of the great roses is the Virgin and the Child. The rose windows created wholeness and completeness. Indeed, it  has a special relationship to the Virgin Mary in that it portrayed more realistic and humane qualities of the Virgin Mary. The cathedral reflects the strong influence that God held over the people at that time. It shows an expression of piety and local identity to those that were proud to live in the vicinity of the cathedral itself. It enhanced civic pride, and was the focus of the town itself.

Risk Management Approach Essay Example for Free

Risk Management Approach Essay We have recently have been privileged in meeting and hearing the President of the United States of America speak at our school. Before his arrival we, and the secret service would had to have perform risk management approach ensuring the safety of the president and everyone in the vicinity of the president. It is important that before his arrival we are able to identify all the potential risks when he comes to Hartford. Secondly after identifying the risks we given the task of dealing, and prevention of these risks. Do to the high profile and importance the president is to our nation we need make sure and guarantee his safety from the airport to the University of Hartford and back again on to Air Force One. There are many risks when transporting such an important person. Risks include terrorist attack where someone plants bombs or IED on campus. There is also the threat of potential a gunman/gunmen while the president is speaking or when they are transporting him to his desired destination. It is a lot more difficult to protect Obama when he is not in the white house. Other risks may include trespassers or unwanted people entering the campus while the president is speaking. The president is very vulnerable when he steps out of his plane and when he is outside getting out of armored limo. He is also very vulnerable when he standing alone giving his speech on the stage. All of these risks are possible and its important we realize that they are there. After identifying the risks associated with the Presidents visit we now have to deal with them. As protocol we normally transport the president in the Beast a heavily armored limo that can deflect any attacks. We also have two identical limos so that if attacked the chance of someone picking the right car is minimized. Incase the limo is unprintable or there is something that prevents the President from driving to the school we have helicopters that can transport him by air to the campus. With the many roads leading to the campus we map the quickest way to get there and all emergency roads routes that can be used in emergency. In the invitation we sent out to the school, we kindly ask people to not bring any bottles and as few possessions as  possible to ensure nothing dangerous enters the gym. To prevent a complete loss in leadership if the President was to be left incapable of leading the nation we normally never bring both the President and Vice President to the same place and we are always able to have someone left in charge. To take preventive actions against all risks, we are only allowing students, teachers of the University of Hartford to attend, and those who are personally invited by the White House. Secondly either police or secret service teams will guard all entrances and exits. We are thus able to limit the number of outsiders from entering the premises of the school and gym. We are also going to have all roads that the motorcade is going to be traveling on so that there is no obstruction and the president can get to his destination. To prevent any potential risks like gunmen from entering the gymnasium that may be a threat to the president all secret service members are armed to protect the perimeter and eliminate the threat. Along with armed security we are having airport like security, which metal detectors so that anything like guns or other lethal weapons will be detected. With the threat of possible terrorist attacks, bomb-sniffing dogs are going to be deployed to sniff out any explosives all throughout the sports center and campus. Lastly incase the roads are blocked while driving and there is a potential threat within the area, Marine 1 will be on standby to airlift the president immediately to the airport where he board Air force 1. With all these risks identified we were able to take the appropriate actions necessary to prevent them. With well planning a guarantee that the president will have safe passage to and from the school. On the campus we make sure that there is no possible points of entry for a dangerous person to enter, and to make sure no weapons which may make its way into the build or on the campus.

Natural Treatments Better Than Conventional Products English Language Essay

Natural Treatments Better Than Conventional Products English Language Essay I recommend that you start with The Alum Hemorrhoid Topical Solution treatment found at the beginning of Home Cooked Hemorrhoid Treatments. This treatment uses a highly potent natural astringent (a substance that contracts the tissues or canals of the body, thereby diminishing discharges, as of mucus or blood) that will shrink your hemorrhoids and set you well on the path to success. Hemorrhoids are defined as an itching or painful mass of dilated veins in swollen anal tissue. Some of the symptoms are itching, pain, swelling and bleeding in the anus. They are caused by straining when having a bowel movement due to constipation or pregnancy. With the many home remedies available, you can finally trash the Preparation H, pads and medications that only provide minimally temporary relief for what feels to be excruciating and eternal torture. When the discomfort begins, you dont want short-term relief, you need a permanent solution that will relinquish your hemorrhoid issues to history, once and for-all. There are home remedies for just about everything; from toenail fungus, to sunburn, and the distressful and agitating affliction of hemorrhoids. Tried and true home remedies, some used by the pioneers of our country, can safely resolve most ailments without harmful side effects. They are very cost effective as well, which is great to know with the current charge for prescription medications. Effective doesnt have to equal expensive. Your own struggle is likely to have been costly and unsatisfying if you are still searching for other means to soothe your hemorrhoid flare-ups. Dont give up when all of the methods prescribed by your doctor have failed. The solutions outlined in this book are ways that have been used by many people throughout the ages with success. With this information, it is finally time to discover the treatment that will work for you. What makes Natural Treatments Better Than Conventional Products? Simply, its the ingredients. Most of the common hemorrhoid products on the market, like pills, creams and suppositories are made with chemicals that can have adverse side effects. Side effects such as diarrhea, nausea or/and headache. Why take something that is going to make you feel even worse than you already do? Homeopathic or natural products dont have any adverse side effects. Also remember that natural remedies, not only treat, but also cure hemorrhoids, while the chemical based products only temporarily help your hemorrhoids. If you use a natural remedy, then you dont have to worry about having surgery and the risks and complications that go with it. Once you find the natural remedy that works for you, then you never have to worry about hemorrhoids again. Healing and curing your hemorrhoids has a lot to do with the ingredients that you put into your body. Are you looking for a temporary solution, or are you are looking for a cure for your hemorrhoids? As we will talk about later, Witch Hazel, Butchers Broom and horse chestnut, as well as other natural remedies, are the prevailing ingredients to fix your hemorrhoids herbally. So lets look at the the ingredients in some of the popular brands that you can buy at your local pharmacy or drug store. Venapro: Witch Hazel, Horse Chestnut, St. Marys Thistle, Stone Root, Krameria Mapato, Arnica Montana, Muriatic Acid and Fluoride of Lime. Hem-Relief: Witch Hazel Leaf, Horse Chestnut and Ginger Root Avatrol: Horse Chestnut, Arginine, Oat Straw, Cascara Sagrada, Bilberry, Butchers Broom, Mullein, Cayenne and Zinc. Homeopathic remedies that you can try are Bryonin (a bitter principle obtained from the root of the Bryony plant), Buckthorn (Buckthorn is considered a last resort treatment for constipation, or in cases where soft stool is desirable such as with hemorrhoids), Aloe and Dandelion. All of these can be used for constipation or hemorrhoids and can be found at your local health food store. So it should be obvious, none of the natural ingredients will give you any bad side effects. Be that as it may, looking at the ingredients in Preparation H or Tucks, no matter what type these medications come in, such as gels, foams, pads, ointments, suppositories or creams, you should be worried about the ingredients that are in these medications like: corticosteroids, vasoconstrictors, analgesics, anesthetics, and antiseptics. A vasoconstrictor called Phenlephrine is one of the main ingredients in Preparation H, which increases blood pressure. Some of the other ingredients are Shark Liver Oil, Mineral Oil and Petrolatum. These are protective ingredients. Ask your doctor before buying any of these temporary fix medications, especially if you have heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and/or thyroid disease because the side effects could be contraindicative. Most over the counter or OTC medications that you can buy at your local pharmacy or super market are made up of mostly inactive ingredients like: additives, petrochemicals, colorings and dyes. Be aware of what you are putting in or on your body. Lets look at the ingredients in a Tucks Pad. Although Witch Hazel makes up 50% of the ingredients, the other 50% are inactive ingredients which are: Propulparaben, Water, Alcohol, Sodium Citrate, Citric Acid, Glycerin, Methylparaben, Propylene Glycol, and Diazolidinyl. Tucks Suppositories: 51% Topical starch and 49% inactive ingredients: Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil, Tocopheryl Acetate and Benzol Alcohol. Anusol Suppositories: Active ingredients are Pramoxine HCl and Zinc Sulfate Monohydrate. The non-active ingredients are Mineral Oil, Paraben, Calcium Phosphate, OTeth-2 and Petroleum. Anusol Cream consists of Balsam Peru, Bismuth Oxide and Zinc Oxide as the active ingredients. Methyl Hydroxybenzoate, Glycerol Monosterate, Titanium Dioxide, Liquid Paraffin, Sorbitan, Stearate and Water make up the inactive ingredients. The active ingredients in Tucks Ointment are Hydrochloride, Peruvian Balsam, Pramoxine and Mineral Oil. The inactive ingredients are Glycerol Monostearate, Kaolin and Benzl Benzoate. These are just a few of the common over the counter, medications. Just look at the ingredients and decide what you want to put into your body. All of these are chemical based, quick-fix medications. Wouldnt you prefer natural and safe ingredients? Just because there is a long list of ingredients does not make the product better, safer or more effective. The safe and reliable ingredients found in homeopathic and herbal solutions for hemorrhoids are the right ingredients for you. Less is more when it comes to homeopathic and herbal solutions and in the long run, they are better for you. Now that you have all of the information, you decide which is better. You Dont Know Squat? Since we are talking about the cure and prevention of hemorrhoids, there is one thing I would like to mention that I bet you never heard, or even thought of. One thing you can do for yourself in eliminating the problem of painful hemorrhoids is to change your position when you are having a bowel movement. Im sure that when you feel the urge to have a bowel movement, you just go to the restroom and sit right down and begin your business. Why not? Its the way you have been doing it since you were potty trained as a child. Its the normal position to sit in to those who arent cavemen or cavewomen, wiping their butts with leaves. Should you sit or squat when you are using the restroom? Does it really matter? It has been proven after all these years of going to the bathroom. We find out now that we have been doing it all wrong. Really? After all the years following the invention of the toilet seat, we dont even know how to use the restroom the right way? And because of this, we are prone to problems that hurt our bodies. Problems such as hemorrhoids, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), prostate and colorectal cancer are a few. All of this is because we sit like kings and queens on the toilet throne, instead of squatting. I know what you are thinking, but its true, squatting. I know it sounds weird and seems like it would be uncomfortable when you are doing what you do in the restroom. So lets look at the benefits of squatting. After this, youll have to go through potty training all over again just to know how to squat. While you are sitting all comfy and cozy on your throne, its difficult to understand how you are hurting yourself. Sitting causes you to strain because the anal canal is all bent out of shape. It is supposed to be in a straight line. Straining while youre constipated is what causes the hemorrhoid problem. If you squat, it puts the anal canal in the straight position as it is supposed to be. This eliminates all the grunting and groaning from straining. Believe it or not, sitting to have a bowel movement causes all types of things to go wrong inside your body. Squatting will eliminate these problems. Squatting is a natural prevention for hemorrhoids and other medical problems when it comes to the lower digestive system. All you have to do now is learn the benefits of squatting instead of sitting. Try it out. It will help prevent hemorrhoids. If you try all of the remedies in this book, you will find a combination that will work for you and end your frustration with hemorrhoids. Give it a shot. Because all of these options are natural, you can experiment all you want and not worry about any harmful side effects. You will find a remedy that is right for you. Home Cooked Hemorrhoid Treatments Im going to introduce you to an old family remedy that has been created using eastern medical practices. We call it The Alum Hemorrhoid Topical Solution and it is based on the Alum Crystal. It can be found in the form of several different compounds. Alum powder is simply the ground up version of the crystals. Cranesbill is a plant based powder with similar astringent properties that can be substituted for Alum. You can buy Alum for a low price in most Asian countries. It is hardly ever used in the west, but isnt difficult to find in Asian markets around the U.S. and on-line. Cranesbill is indigenous to North America. All you have to do is dissolve some of the Alum crystals, Alum powder or Cranesbill into a very concentrated solution, then store it in a jar. Mix the Alum crystal, Alum powder or Cranesbill with warm water, in a jar, at a ratio of one to five. For example, if you use one scoop of the crystals, then mix it with five scoops of warm water. The size of the scoop is going to depend on how much you want to make. Youre going to use approximately one ounce per day, so a pint will last you about two weeks. Stir it occasionally to help speed up dissolution. Once fully dissolved, you will have a very concentrated solution. Whenever you need it just take a couple of teaspoons out and make a diluted solution that you can then wash your anal rectal area on the outside. Mix 2 or 3 teaspoons of the concentrated solution into a pan filled with enough water that you can sit in and soak your butt. This is a highly diluted solution. It needs to be because Alum and Cranesbill are quite strong and, as you know, your anus is very sensitive. Do this for five minutes at least two times per day, usually once in the morning and once at night. Three times a day could work better if you arent too sensitive to the solution. Your hemorrhoids can begin to shrink in as little as 4 to 5 sessions (about 2 days), but sometimes it can take up to several days before the effects are noticeable. The solution is not to be used internally; its a topical solution. The astringent solution is actually shrinking your hemorrhoid. The shrinking of the hemorrhoid means that it is returning to its proper condition and is what causes the bleeding to stop. This is one of the most powerful solutions for curing hemorrhoids. You should use this method in conjunction with the other relief methods talked about in The Hemorrhoids Solution to maximize your healing power. There are two general practices that should be adhered to while using The Alum Hemorrhoid Topical Solution along with the other remedies that are mentioned in the book. First of all, try not to be forceful when having a bowel movement. Straining puts excessive pressure on the anus and irritates hemorrhoids. Avoiding this and keeping the pressure off will help alleviate your hemorrhoids. This is especially true for hemorrhoids due to constipation and pregnancy. Please dont strain while youre trying to have a bowel movement. Next, after you have a bowel movement, take a warm sitz bath to clean and relax your anus. If this is not possible, use some toilet paper dipped in warm water to thoroughly clean your anus. This is a necessary practice to keep your hemorrhoids from becoming inflamed while following the additional treatments. We will discuss diet later in the book, but along with The Alum Hemorrhoid Topical Solution, diet is especially helpful if your hemorrhoids bleed frequently. Sweet potatoes, a vegetarian only diet, and a minimum of 8-10 glasses of water per day are the way to go until the bleeding stops. Sweet potatoes and yams are an excellent source of fiber. Eat at least 4 servings of fruits and vegetables per day. Avoid meats and any products containing wheat. Also, stay away from artificial sweeteners, such as those in diet sodas. They are indigestible and can aggravate constipation. Natural sugars and fruits are alright. You need to keep your stool soft and give those bleeding hemorrhoids time to heal. So you need to get yourself onto a very strict diet for a little while. This is VERY important. Combine this with the other methods in this book and your hemorrhoids will stop bleeding. So take these methods to heart, and your hemorrhoid problems should settle down and disappear. The next home cooked remedy is the Formula 44 Hemorrhoid Compress. Ingredients: 1 tsp (teaspoon) of crushed Calendula 1tsp of Goldenseal powder 1tsp Peppermint leaf 3 cups of water One half cup of Witch Hazel Directions: Cover the water and herbs and bring them to a boil. After you turn off the heat, let the mixture saturate the water for 20 minutes. Then save the liquid and disregard the rest. After the mixture has cooled off, add another 1/2 cup of witch hazel. Find a clean cloth, soak in the liquid, wring out and then apply to your hemorrhoid. You can repeat this as often as necessary. Here is a list of remedies that will work within an hour: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Put 3-4 tablespoons of raw cranberries into a blender. Take a tablespoon of the blended cranberries and wrap them into a cheese cloth. Put this against your anus and keep it in place with some snug fitting underwear. After about an hour, replace the compress with a new one. You can do this twice per day. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Geranium and Lavender- Mix 2 drops of Geranium oil, 2-3 drops of lavender oil and 1 ounce of almond oil into a dark bottle with a dropper top. Shake the mixture well. Apply a few drops to your anus using your finger or a cotton ball. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ There is an over the counter product called Liquid Lecithin. Apply some of this solution to your hemorrhoid 1-2 times per day until you have relief. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Make a wash solution using lobelia extract, baptisia extract and zinc sulfate for itching and swelling. Combine these ingredients in water. Use equal parts of all ingredients. After you mix everything, use it to wash the affected area. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Blend sulfur and vaseline and apply to your hemorrhoids 2-3 times per day. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Apple Cider Vinegar will keep your hemorrhoids from bleeding. Add 2 tsp of the vinegar to a glass of water and drink with each meal. Also you can add the vinegar to a cotton ball and apply directly to your hemorrhoids. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ If itching and pain is your problem, try applying extract of Echinacea directly to your hemorrhoids. Soothing Ointments and Salves Ointments and salves can be applied directly to the anus and provide soothing relief. There are many available thar are made from all-natural ingredients. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Comfrey Herbal Salve The ingredients in this salve include comfrey root, St. John Wart flower and bud, Calendula Flower, Plantain Leaf, Chickweed herb and Mullein Leaf. For this method to work you need to clean the area and then put the salve on the anus or slightly into the rectum. You will want to do this before you go to sleep at night. You can do this for 6 days, stop on day 7 and then repeat on the 8th day. Take one week off after using this treatment for 6 weeks in a row and keep the salve refrigerated. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Veri-Gone Salve Use this for minor cases of hemorrhoids. The ingredients include Witch Hazel, Echinacea Extract, Calendula Extract, Chamomile Essentials Oil, Alcohol and distilled water. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Ghee-Turmeric Salve Mix 2 tsp of Ghee (a kind of liquid butter, used especially in the cooking of India, made from the milk of cows or buffaloes and clarified by boiling) with half a tsp of Turmeric Powder. Apply directly onto your hemorrhoids at bedtime. Use this for 3 nights in a row and then stop for 2 nights. Continue with this pattern until your hemorrhoids are gone. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Bay Berry, Goldenseal Root, Myrrh and White Oak blended as salves work just as well, if not better than the expensive over the counter hemorrhoid medications that you can buy at your local drug store or pharmacy. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Zinc Oxide Ointment Works as an astringent, antiseptic and as an antibacterial agent. You can buy this product at any pharmacy. It is used to keep your hemorrhoids dry and reduces itching. You can use this often and especially before you go to sleep. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Pilewort Ointment An astringent that will stop bleeding hemorrhoids. Apply to your external hemorrhoid at bedtime and never use internally. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Calendula Ointment This will reduce inflammation and has a soothing affect. You can apply this directly to your hemorrhoids as often as needed. It is an antibacterial as well as an astringent product that stops the bleeding of your hemorrhoids. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Fel Ursi Hemorrhoid Ointment An herbal ointment that will relieve your symptoms. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Musk Hemorrhoid Ointment Relieves the burning associated with hemorrhoids. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Fargelin Extra Strength for bleeding hemorrhoids. Relief Using Pills, Capsules and Suppositories We talked about salves and ointments to treat your hemorrhoid symptoms. Now lets talk about some pills and capsules that you can buy over the counter to help relieve your symptoms. All of these products can be ordered on line or you can buy them at your local health food store or Chinese Herbal Therapy store. With all of this information to cure your hemorrhoid symptoms at your disposal, Preparation H and or surgery are not your only options. There are so many safe and natural remedies for you to try before deciding to go through painful surgery. Relieving your hemorrhoid symptoms can be as easy as taking a few natural pills or capsules with a glass of water. Some of the most popular products out there that you can buy are 100% natural. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Hemorrhoid Therapy Capsule One of the most popular products used to stop bleeding, reduce swelling and inflammation and reducing pain. Sanguisorba, Coptis Root, Mistletoe and Chrysanthemum Flowers are the ingredients. Just take 3 capsules 3 times a day. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Hemorrhoid Quick Peace Tablet You can use this medication on either internal, or external hemorrhoids, or both. This medication will loosen up your bowel movement, stop pain and bleeding, and reduce swelling. Ampelopis Root, Sophora Flower, Sumac Gullnut, Black Bean and Pigs Bile are the ingredients in this product. The normal regimen is 4 tablets, 3 times every day. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Phergelin An all-natural herbal remedy in capsule form for hemorrhoid prevention and treatment. This product will help eliminate discomfort such as itching, burning, and bleeding. Take 1-2 capsules in the morning and in the evening with water for a 3 week period. Hemorrhoid symptoms may become a part of your daily life until you deal with them. It can provide essential herbal nutrients to your body to help ease bowel movements and ease the cause of the pain. Strengthening the internal veins, it will remove the root of the problem and help you remove the stress caused by your hemorrhoids. Frankincense, Myrrh resin, Tangkwei root, Japanese pagoda tree flower, Garden burnet root, Hairyvein agrimonia whole plant, Sanchi root and Honeysuckle flower are the active ingredients in this product. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Hemorrhoid Calming Tablet It calms the burning sensations and alleviates dryness associated with hemorrhoids. Take 3-4 tablets, 3 times per day. Consists of sanguisorba, biota leaf, sophora flower, tangkuei, scutellaria, white peony root. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Yunnan Notoginseng Capsule This medication can be used for several complaints such as: removing blood stasis, stopping bleeding, quickening blood circulation, alleviating pains, detoxification and reducing swelling. It can be used in treatment for traumatic injury, stagnated blood and oncotic pains, spitting blood, hemoptysis, hematochezia, hemorrhoid hemorrhage, metrorrhagia, metrostaxia, suppurative infection on body surface and pyogenic infections, contusion of soft tissues, closed fracture, hemoptysis of bronchiectasis and pulmonary tuberculosis, hemorrhage of peptic ulcer and infection diseases of skin. Take 1-2 capsules 4 times per day. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Venapro Treatment for hemorrhoids does not require a prescription from a doctor. Since it is all natural, you do not have to worry about any side effects. It promotes the flow of blood to the rectal area and relieves pain associated with hemorrhoids. It also treats damaged tissue and lubricates sensitive parts. The active ingredients in Venapro are: Witch Hazel, Horse Chestnut, St. Marys Thistle, Stone Root, Krameria Mapato, Arnica Montana, Muriatic Acid and Fluoride of Lime. You can get Venapro by clicking on the following link: http://thehemorrhoidssolution.com/recommends/venapro à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Avatrol An all-natural supplement that you can use for the uncomfortable symptoms of hemorrhoids. It is a treatment that can be used to help with any kind of hemorrhoids. In fact, one of the biggest advantages of this treatment is its versatility. There are many treatments for hemorrhoids that only have the ability to help hemorrhoids of one particular type or form, but this one can do it all. It will eliminate pain, swelling, bleeding and that irritating itching. The ingredients are Horse Chestnut, Arginine, Oat Straw, Casara Sagrada, Bilberry, Butchers Broom, Mullein, Cayenne and Zinc. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Hem-Relief Another all natural product that will help to reduce swelling and inflammation, along with healing anal tissue is called. 3 simple ingredients that make up Hem-Relief are Witch Hazel Leaf, Horse Chestnut Leaf and Ginger Root. There are other remedies as well, other than pills and capsules. You may have been prescribed suppositories or granule medications by your doctor that caused you to have adverse side effects. Well, here are some all natural suppositories and granule products that dont have those harsh side effects. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Mayinglong Musk Hemorrhoid Suppository It goes straight to the source of the problem and reduces pain, swelling and bleeding. To use this product, simply insert the suppository into the rectum 2 times per day. Try this once in the morning and once in the evening. The ingredients in this suppository are Synthetic Musk, Bezoar, Pearl, Borneol, Notoginseng, Chinese Gall and Calamine. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Hemorrhoid-Transforming Suppository This product will stop bleeding, relieve pain, diminish inflammation, resolve toxins and promotes contractions. This product can be used for internal or external hemorrhoids. Just like the last suppository mentioned this product can be used up to two times per day. Ingredients: Flavescent sophora root, phellodendron bark, datura flower and borneol. If you dont like the idea of pushing something up into your rectum, you can also try medications in the form of granules. These are supplements that can be mixed with water or food. Hemorrhoid-Inflammation-Disappearing Granule Will stop bleeding and constipation, reduce swelling and inflammation and ease your hemorrhoid pain. To take this herbal remedy just mix 1-2 tsp of the granules in a glass of warm water. Drink this solution 3 times per day. The ingredients in this product are Capillaris, Bitter Orange, Notoginseng, Honey Suckle, Sanguisorba Root, Hemp Seed, Beauty-berry Leaf, Sophora Flower, Peony Root and Capillaris. You can also use garlic and onion as a suppository. This method will reduce inflammation and swelling, eliminate bacteria and strengthen the veins in your anus. Cut the onion to match the same size of the garlic clove. Insert the garlic and onion slightly into the rectum just before going to bed. Leave them there until morning when you have your regular bowel movement and they will come out automatically. Only use this method if bleeding is NOT one of your symptoms. Aloe Vera There are so many things you can use fresh aloe for and hemorrhoids is one of them. Use the aloe directly from the plant. Also you can cut the aloe into strips and freeze them in a Tupperware or similar container. After they get cold, take one aloe strip and place into your anus for immediate releif. You can do this twice a day, morning and night, as long as your hemorrhoids arent inflamed. If so, then just wait for the swelling and pain to subside. Now that you have a pretty complete list of some all-natural products that you can buy at your local health food store, for more information on them just do an online search. That being said, if you dont have the time or money to spend on your hemorrhoid problem, you can use the most natural substance on the planet. Thats right, WATER (frozen of course). Just chip or crack off a small piece of ice and use it like a suppository. It will relieve pain, swelling and bleeding. This will help alleviate your symptoms as it melts in your rectum. With this method you will notice that you are wetting up your underwear. It would be a good idea to find a product like an adult diaper to keep your clothes and sheets dry as you can do this process 5-6 times per day. Every single one of these products assists in eliminating your hemorrhoid symptoms. The dosages and ingredients are similar but different with each product. Also remember this; while you are curing the problem of hemorrhoids, these same products that you have been taking with their natural ingredients are great in helping with other medical conditions as well. Pretty cool how one natural medication is a cure all for other problems too! Self-Help Remedies and Tips There are many other simple solutions made from easily obtainable items and herbs. Try a variety to see what works best for you. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Baby Wipes soaked with Witch Hazel It is very important to keep the problem area clean. You dont want to do this with hard, course toilet paper. One thing you should try is baby wipes soaked in witch hazel. Just go to your supermarket and buy some baby wipes, or any pre-moistened wipes and add a bottle of witch hazel. Use these to wipe your bottom every time you have a bowel movement. There is a really good chance that the witch hazel will take the pain and itching away. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Lemon juice Just saturate a cotton ball with some real lemon juice. Wipe the hemorrhoid with the saturated cotton ball. This may tingle or burn just a little but this will go away immediately. It will instantly take away your itching and burning. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Touch-Me-Not plant Boil this plant, it has been said that the vapors alone will help your hemorrhoids. Another thing you can do is make a paste of the leaves and apply directly to external hemorrhoids. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Cayenne pepper extract For quick relief of a hemorrhoid flare-up with bleeding, mix a teaspoonful of this, also called capsicum and a main ingredient in many pepper sauces, in a small glass of water and drink it. For many people, this will provide quick shrinkage and relief of the hemorrhoid. It acts to lower blood pressure and boost circulation, providing an almost instant calming effect on inflamed hemorrhoids. It doesnt work for everyone, but can be a powerful aid if it does. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Cayenne and Garlic Mix the cayenne and garlic in warm water and use as an enema. You will experience almost instant relief. Liquids There are more liquids than just water that will help you. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ 3 tsp of Karele Juice in a glass of buttermilk every morning for a month should do the trick. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Blend the juices of turnip leaves, watercress and spinach. Pour this blended concoction into a glass and drink away your hemorrhoids. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Bananas Boil a ripe banana in a cup of milk and drink 3 of these per day. Herbal Solutions Some other herbal medications for your hemorrhoid problem are (you will notice some of these have been mentioned often): Barberry, Witch Hazel, Horse Chestnut, Slippery Elm, Butchers Brew, White Oak Bark, Mango Seeds and White radish are good do it yourself home remedies for hemorrhoids. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Olive Oil They say that an apple a day keeps the doctor away, well a tablespoon of Olive Oil each morning will help keep your hemorrhoids away. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Onions and Honey Slice the onion and mix with honey. Put this mixture on a pad and put it directly on your hemorrhoid for 3 hours. This will give you some comfort. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Almond oil Warm up some almond oil and pour over a baby wipe or similar product and apply directly to area. Good Results. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Baking Soda and Water Create a paste and apply to your hemorrhoid to get rid of that pesky itching. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Passion Fruit (4 grams) with water (one quarter cup) Use on moist wipe or cloth when cleaning yourself. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Goats milk, black mustard and sugar Blend these ingredients together and drink several times per day. This is especially helpful for bleeding hemorrhoids. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Vitamin E Oil This product works with hemorrhoids as well as burns. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Vaseline Apply a little bit of Vaseline to Q-tip and apply half an inch into the rectum. This will also ease your bowel movement and keep the stool from irritating the rectum or anus. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Dont Scratch I know this is difficult, sometimes they just itch sooooo badly, but scratching your itchy hemorrhoids is bad because it can irritate the walls of the veins and make matters worse. Better to apply a calming salve to tame the itch. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ No Heavy Lifting If you have to move anything heavy you really should have someone to help or do the heavy lifting for you. Also stay clear of strenuous exercise. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Get yourself a Bidet A bidet is a low-mounted plumbing fixture or type of sink intended for washing the genitalia, inner buttocks, and anus. It is usually attached to your bathroom toilet. It leaves you clean and refreshed like sitting in a sitz bath. Some tips: Avoid heavy and/or spicy foods(except in the cas

A Review on the Works of James Baldwin Essay -- Literature

Introduction The works of James Baldwin are directly related to the issues of racism, religion and personal conflicts, and sexuality and masculinity during Baldwin's years.James Baldwin's works, both fiction and nonfiction were in some instance a direct reflection his life. Through close interpretation you can combine his work to give a "detailed" look into his actual life. However since most writings made by him are all considered true works of literature we can't consider them to be of autobiographical nature. Religion Personal Life Baldwin reflected his own life in various forms. These include autobiographical essays to fiction and drama. His first novel, Go Tell It on the Mountain, and play, The Amen Corner, mirror his childhood experiences in the storefront churches of Harlem where James and his stepfather, David Baldwin, preached. The "Autobiographical Notes" section of Notes of a Native Son and the "Down at the Cross" section of The Fire Next Time provide a seemingly realistic view into Baldwin's childhood and his growing involvement with the civil rights movement. Filled with a number of autobiographical passages in Nobody Knows My Name, No Name in the Street and The Devil Finds Word join together to provide a general, somewhat realistic, autobiography. One interest in particular is Baldwin's view on his relationships with Richard Wright ("Alas, Poor Richard") and Norman Mailer ("The Black Boy Looks at the White Boy"), both of which are included in Nobody Knows My Name .(Werner, Craig 45-48) When Baldwin was three years of age his mother married David Baldwin, a Southerner who had made the journey to New York as part of the large stream of black migration north during the times following the First World War. James, t... ...aesthetic: James Baldwin's primer of black American masculinity." African American Review 32.2 (1998): 247. MasterFILE Premier Werner, Craig. "JAMES BALDWIN." Research Guide to Biography & Criticism 1.(1985): 45-48. Book Collection: Nonfiction. Baldwin, James Preservation of Innocence." Zero 1.2 (Summer 1949). Rpt. in Out/Look 6 (Fall 1989), 40-41 Powers, Peter Kerry. "The Treacherous Body: Isolation, Confession, and Community in James Baldwin." 787-813. Duke University Press, 2005. Academic Search Premier. de Romanet, Jerome. "Revisiting Madeleine and `The Outing': James Baldwin's revision of Gide's sexual politics." MELUS 22.1 (1997): 3. MasterFILE Premier. EBSCO. Web. 4 Dec. 2010. Robert E. Morsberger. "James Baldwin." Magill Book Reviews. Salem Press, 1998. eNotes.com. 2006. 4 Dec, 2010 james-baldwin-0080505824

Napoleons Russian Campaign Essay -- Napoleon Russian Campaign

Napoleon's Russian Campaign The peace between France and Russia in 1807 lasted for five years but was not satisfactory to either side. The Tilsit settlement was thought of by Napoleon as no more than a convenient truce. In 1807 he had been in no position to invade Russia but there was no way that he could tolerate another European power for very long. Napoleon felt that a war with Russia was necessary ‘for crushing England by crushing the only power still strong enough him any trouble by joining her.’ Napoleon began preparing for the war. He secured the support of Austria and Prussia since even though neither was in any position to refuse. Emperor Francis of Austria provided 34,000 men to cover the French but sent secret messages to St. Petersburg assuring Alexander that Austrian hostilities would be kept to a minimum. Prussia though was placed in a less fortunate position. With Berlin occupied by French and most of their 1807 debt to be paid it had no alternative but to provide 25,000 men and supp ly quarters and rations for the entire army. The rest of Napoleon’s Grand Army came from the many countries under his direct control. The Kingdom of Italy sent 45,000 men, the Grand Duchy of Warsaw 35,000. The Kingdoms of Bavaria, Saxony and Westphalia each sent 17,000 men and there were many additions from various other nations under Napoleon’s control. In all the army totaled to 600,000 men. While Napoleon had an enormous army he made though inadequate preparations for supplying the troops. The provisions that he arranged for were not intended to provide all that the troops would need as they fought their way to Moscow. This was because Napoleon visualized a short campaign ending in a decisive victory. In a speech to his troops on... ... into East Prussia. Russia though made a deal with East Prussia, which allowed the Russian troops to enter East Prussia and by the end of January 1813 the French were behind the Elbe River, far away from Russia. This marked the end of Napoleon’s Russian Campaign. Bibliography Gate, Curtis. The War Of The Two Emperors New York: Random House, 1985. Glover, Michael. The Napoleonic Wars: An Illustrated History New York: Hippocrene Books, 1979. Hilt, Douglas. Ten Against Napoleon Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1975. Holtman, Robert. The Napoleonic Revolution Philadelphia & New York: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1967. Nicolson, Nigel. Napoleon 1812 New York: Harper & Row, 1985. Riehn, Richard. 1812: Napoleon's Russian Campaign San Francisco: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1990. Walter, Jacob. The Diary Of A Napoleonic Foot Soldier London: Doubleday, 1991.